Biofuels from algae for sustainable development
Biofuels from algae for sustainable development
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.01.059
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Demirbas, M. Fatih
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Demirbas, M. Fatih
微藻是一种光合微生物，可以在短时间内大量产生脂质、蛋白质和碳水化合物。这些产品可以加工成生物燃料和有用的化学品。研究了两种藻类样品（Cladophora fracta和protothecoid小球藻）用于生物燃料生产。微藻似乎是能够满足全球运输燃料需求的可再生生物柴油的唯一来源。微藻可以转化为生物柴油。生物乙醇，生物油，生物氢和生物甲烷通过热化学和生化方法。用于藻类培养的工业反应器有开放式池塘、光生物反应器和封闭系统。藻类几乎可以在任何地方生长，甚至在污水或咸水中，而且不需要肥沃的土地或粮食作物，而且加工藻类所需的能量比藻类提供的要少。微藻的生长速度比陆地作物快得多。据估计，每年每英亩藻类的单位面积产油量为2万至8万升；这是第二好的作物棕榈油的731倍。海藻油可以用来制造汽车、卡车和飞机用的生物柴油。微藻的脂质和脂肪酸含量随培养条件的不同而不同。研究了温度对两种藻类（C. fracta和C. protothecoid）热解和蒸汽气化产氢的影响。在每次运行中，气相的主要成分是CO2， CO， H-2和CH4。样品的热解和蒸汽气化制氢率随温度升高而升高。裂解温度从575 K提高到925 K，气体产率从8.2%提高到39.2%，原coides样品的气体产率从9.5%提高到40.6%。裂片和原coides样品气态产物中氢的体积百分比分别从25.8%提高到44.4%和27.6%提高到48.7%，最终热解温度从650 K提高到925 K。结果表明：C. fracta和C. protothecoides的气态产物中氢气的体积百分比分别从26.3%提高到54.7%和28.1%提高到57.6%，最终气化温度从825 K提高到1225 K。一般来说，藻类气体产品比苔藓气体产品质量更高。(C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that can produce lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in large amounts over short periods of time. These products can be processed into both biofuels and useful chemicals. Two algae samples (Cladophora fracta and Chlorella protothecoid) were studied for biofuel production. Microalgac appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that is capable of meeting the global demand for transport fuels. Microalgae can be converted to biodiesel. bioethanol, bio-oil, biohydrogen and biomethane via thermochemical and biochemical methods. Industrial reactors for algal culture are open ponds, photobioreactors and closed systems. Algae can be grown almost anywhere, even on sewage or salt water, and does not require fertile land or food crops, and processing requires less energy than the algae provides. Microalgac have much faster growth-rates than terrestrial crops. the per unit area yield of oil from algae is estimated to be from 20,000 to 80,000 liters per acre, per year; this is 731 times greater than the next best crop, palm oil. Algal oil can be used to make biodiesel for cars, trucks, and airplanes. The lipid and fatty acid contents of microalgae vary in accordance with culture conditions. The effect of temperature on the yield of hydrogen from two algae (C. fracta and C. protothecoid) by pyrolysis and steam gasification were investigated in this study. In each run, the main components of the gas phase were CO2, CO, H-2, and CH4. The yields of hydrogen by pyrolysis and steam gasification processes of the samples increased with temperature. The yields of gaseous products from the samples of C. fracta and C. protothecoides increased from 8.2% to 39.2% and 9.5% to 40.6% by volume, respectively, while the final pyrolysis temperature was increased from 575 to 925 K. The percent of hydrogen in gaseous products from the samples of C. fracta and C. protothecoides increased from 25.8% to 44.4% and 27.6% to 48.7% by volume, respectively, while the final pyrolysis temperature was increased from 650 to 925 K. The percent of hydrogen in gaseous products from the samples of C. fracta and C. protothecoides increased from 26.3% to 54.7% and 28.1% to 57.6% by volume, respectively, while the final gasification temperature was increased from 825 to 1225 K. In general, algae gaseous products are higher quality than gaseous products from mosses. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.