Spaced Retrieval: Absolute Spacing Enhances Learning Regardless of Relative Spacing
Spaced Retrieval: Absolute Spacing Enhances Learning Regardless of Relative Spacing
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DOI：
10.1037/a0023436
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bauernschmidt, Althea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karpicke, Jeffrey D.;Bauernschmidt, Althea
重复检索可以增强长期记忆，间隔重复也可以增强记忆。一个具有实践和理论意义的问题是，是否存在特定的间隔检索时间表（例如，逐渐扩大测试之间的间隔），以产生最佳的学习效果。在目前的实验中，研究对象学习和测试项目，直到他们能回忆起每一个。然后，他们在三次重复测试中练习回忆这些项目，这些测试是根据几个间隔时间表之一分配的。增加重复测试的绝对（总）间隔对长期记忆产生了很大的影响：每次测试之间间隔较长的重复检索相对于测试之间没有间隔的重复检索，在长期记忆方面提高了200%。然而，没有证据表明一个特定的相对间隔时间表（扩张、相等或收缩）本质上优于另一个。虽然扩展的时间表提供了一种模式，增加了重复测试的检索难度，但这并没有转化为长期记忆的收益。重复的间隔检索对记忆有很大的影响，但重复测试的相对时间表没有明显的影响。
Repeated retrieval enhances long-term retention, and spaced repetition also enhances retention. A question with practical and theoretical significance is whether there are particular schedules of spaced retrieval (e.g., gradually expanding the interval between tests) that produce the best learning. In the present experiment, subjects studied and were tested on items until they could recall each one. They then practiced recalling the items on 3 repeated tests that were distributed according to one of several spacing schedules. Increasing the absolute (total) spacing of repeated tests produced large effects on long-term retention: Repeated retrieval with long intervals between each test produced a 200% improvement in long-term retention relative to repeated retrieval with no spacing between tests. However, there was no evidence that a particular relative spacing schedule (expanding, equal, or contracting) was inherently superior to another. Although expanding schedules afforded a pattern of increasing retrieval difficulty across repeated tests, this did not translate into gains in long-term retention. Repeated spaced retrieval had powerful effects on retention, but the relative schedule of repeated tests had no discernible impact.