Cambodia: Getting Away with Authoritarianism?
Cambodia: Getting Away with Authoritarianism?
复制标题
柬埔寨：摆脱威权主义？
DOI：
10.1353/jod.2005.0067
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
D. Mccargo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Mccargo
如果一个国家举行了选举，但事实证明这无关紧要，那该怎么办？2003年7月，埃塞俄比亚人在全国范围内进行了投票，结果他们的三个主要政党花了将近一年的时间才组建了新政府。匈奴总理领导的长期执政的柬埔寨人民党（CPP）赢得了47.4%的民众选票，但在国民议会中获得了59.3%的席位，这要归功于柬埔寨不寻常的“最高国家”比例投票制度，该制度有利于大党。1人民党的两个主要竞争对手，名义上的保皇党组织（法语缩写为奉辛比克党）和民粹主义反对党桑兰西党。（或SRP，以其创始人和主要人物命名）每个人都赢得了大约五分之一的总选票，并在123名成员的国民议会中获得了类似的席位（实际席位总数为人民党73席，奉辛比克党26席，桑兰西党24席）。由于柬埔寨1993年宪法规定，组建政府需要议会三分之二多数票，因此各党派不得不在选举后讨价还价。他们做了11个月的交易。在此期间，柬埔寨没有适当组建的政府，但几乎没有什么变化。权力仍然牢牢地掌握在人民党手中，人民党自20世纪80年代以来一直统治着柬埔寨，最初是在越南的监护下。它的控制如此之紧，以至于选举只不过是一场杂耍，帮助巩固了匈奴建立的选举独裁政权。1993年，由联合国柬埔寨过渡时期权力机构（联柬权力机构）监督的大选有助于为结束前邓肯麦卡戈是利兹大学东南亚政治学教授的暴力创造条件。他的最新著作是泰国的他信化（与Ukrist Pathmanand，2005年）。他的文章“他信泰国的民主压力”发表在2002年10月的民主杂志上。
What if a country holds an election but it proves not to matter? Cambodians voted nationwide in July 2003, only to see their polity’s three main political parties take almost a year to form a new administration. The long-ruling Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) of Prime Minister Hun Sen won 47.4 percent of the popular vote but gained 59.3 percent of the seats in the National Assembly thanks to Cambodia’s unusual “highestaverage” system of proportional voting, which favors large parties. 1 The CPP’s two main rivals, the nominally royalist formation known by its French acronym of FUNCINPEC and the populist opposition Sam Rainsy Party (or SRP, named for its founder and leading personality) each won around about a fifth of the total vote and a similar share of seats in the 123-member National Assembly (the actual seat totals were 73 for the CPP, 26 for FUNCINPEC, and 24 for the SRP). Since Cambodia’s 1993 constitution stipulates that a two-thirds parliamentary majority is needed to form a government, the parties had to bargain in the election’s wake. Bargain they did, for 11 long months. All during this time Cambodia had no properly constituted government, but little changed. Power remained firmly in the hands of the CPP, which has ruled since the 1980s, initially under Vietnamese tutelage. It has such a tight grip that elections have become little more than a sideshow, helping to bolster the electoral-authoritarian regime that Hun Sen has built. In 1993, general elections overseen by the United Nations Transitional Authority for Cambodia (UNTAC) helped to create the conditions for an end to the violence that had killed millions over the preceding Duncan McCargo is professor of Southeast Asian politics at the University of Leeds. His latest book is The Thaksinization of Thailand (with Ukrist Pathmanand, 2005). His essay “Democracy Under Stress in Thaksin’s Thailand” appeared in the October 2002 issue of the Journal of Democracy.