Current status of measles in Japan.
Current status of measles in Japan.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10156-002-0206-6
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Fujino, Motoko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakayama, Tetsuo;Zhou, Jianhui;Fujino, Motoko
日本每年报告的麻疹病例约为20000到30000例，尽管实际的麻疹感染人数被认为是报告病例的五到十倍。尽管有有效和安全的减毒活疫苗可用，但冲绳的区域性暴发、成人传播和二次疫苗失败仍在继续。分子技术的最新进展促进了分子流行病学研究、无症状感染的新概念以及麻疹病毒基因型别之间不同特征的识别。根据血凝素基因测序结果，将1984年以来日本分离的麻疹病毒株分为C1型(-1985)、D3(1985-1990)、D5(1990-1997)和芝加哥D3(1997-1999)四种型别。2000年后，出现了D5基因，最近又从韩国引进了现在占主导地位的H1基因。目前流行的一些野生型具有不同的特征(在39℃-40℃下的高生长率)。累计疫苗接种率已达81%，但大多数麻疹病例涉及未接种疫苗的个人。麻疹是一种可预防的疾病，可根据全球麻疹战略，通过增加疫苗覆盖率和促进接种积极性来根除。
Approximately 20000 to 30000 cases of measles are reported annually in Japan, although the actual number of measles infections is considered to be five to ten times higher than the number of reported cases. Despite the availability of effective and safe live attenuated vaccines, regional outbreaks in Okinawa, transmission in adults, and secondary vaccine failures continue. Recent advances in molecular technology have contributed to molecular epidemiological studies, new concepts of asymptomatic infection, and the identification of different characteristics among measles virus genotypes. Measles virus strains isolated in Japan since 1984 were classified into the genotypes C1 (-1985), D3 (1985-1990), D5 (1990-1997), and Chicago-type D3 (1997-1999) from the results of sequencing the hemagglutinin gene. After 2000, the D5 genotype emerged, and, recently, the H1 genotype, which is now dominant, was introduced from Korea. Some of the currently circulating wild-types have different characteristics (high growth rate at 39degreeC-40degreeC). The cumulative vaccine coverage has reached 81%, but most measles cases involved unvaccinated individuals. Measles is a preventable disease and can be eradicated by increasing the vaccine coverage, and promoting the motivation for vaccination, in accordance with the worldwide measles strategy.