Sociodemographic Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, Fear of Infection, and Protection Self-Efficacy.
Sociodemographic Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, Fear of Infection, and Protection Self-Efficacy.
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DOI：
10.1177/21501327211040746
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Selig JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McElfish PA;Willis DE;Shah SK;Bryant-Moore K;Rojo MO;Selig JP
阿肯色州的COVID-19疫苗接种率一直低于全国平均水平。这项研究考察了社会人口因素与COVID-19疫苗犹豫、感染恐惧和保护自我效能之间的关联。在阿肯色州居住、就业或接受医疗保健的成年人（n = 754）在2020年10月30日至2021年1月16日期间参加了一项在线调查。参与者从阿肯色州的6个初级保健诊所招募。调查问题涉及社会人口因素、COVID-19感染恐惧、保护自我效能和COVID-19疫苗态度。使用双变量和多变量logistic回归模型评估因变量与受访者的社会人口特征、COVID-19感染恐惧和COVID-19防护自我效能之间的关联。约38%的参与者报告了COVID-19疫苗犹豫。年龄、性别、种族和教育程度与COVID-19和一般疫苗态度显著相关。随着年龄的增长，COVID-19疫苗犹豫的几率降低（OR = 0.98; P < .01）。女性犹豫接种COVID-19疫苗的几率高于男性（OR = 1.52; P < .05）。与拥有4年制大学学位的受访者相比，拥有高中及以下学历的受访者以及拥有大学或技术学位的受访者对COVID-19疫苗犹豫不决的几率更大（OR = 2.58; P <0.001; OR = 1.97; P <0.01）。与白色受访者相比，黑人/非洲裔美国人受访者对COVID-19疫苗犹豫不决的几率更大（OR = 3.08; P < .001）。农村和城市受访者对COVID-19疫苗的犹豫没有显著差异;然而，农村地区的受访者比城市地区的受访者更有可能报告普遍疫苗信任度低（OR = 1.87; P < .01）。与在很大程度上担心COVID-19感染的受访者相比，报告对COVID-19没有恐惧（OR = 5.51; P < .001）和非常少恐惧（OR = 1.95; P < .05）的受访者对COVID-19疫苗犹豫不决的几率更大。COVID-19疫苗犹豫和对疫苗的普遍信任在年龄、性别、种族和教育程度上存在显著差异。这些信任和犹豫模式是实现人口免疫的挑战，并遵循对COVID-19的类似脆弱性模式。疫苗接种计划和干预措施必须考虑COVID-19疫苗犹豫和一般疫苗信任的这些差异，以缓解COVID-19的差异。这些发现对于评估来自农村州的大量不同样本中的疫苗犹豫做出了重大贡献。
Arkansas COVID-19 vaccine uptake has been lower than the national average. This study examined associations between sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, fear of infection, and protection self-efficacy. Adults either residing, having employment, or receiving health care in Arkansas (n = 754) participated in an online survey between October 30, 2020 and January 16, 2021. Participants were recruited in both rural and urban areas from 6 Arkansas primary care clinics. Survey questions addressed sociodemographic factors, COVID-19 infection fear, protection self-efficacy, and COVID-19 vaccine attitudes. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between dependent variables and respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 infection fear, and COVID-19 protection self-efficacy. About 38% of participants reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Age, sex, race, and education were significantly associated with COVID-19 and general vaccine attitudes. Odds of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy decreased as age increased (OR = 0.98; P < .01). Women had higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy than men (OR = 1.52; P < .05). Respondents with a high school diploma and below and respondents with some college or a technical degree had greater odds of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (OR = 2.58; P < .001; and OR = 1.97; P < .01, respectively) compared to respondents with a 4-year college degree. Black/African American respondents had greater odds of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy compared to White respondents (OR = 3.08; P < .001). No significant difference was observed among rural and urban respondents regarding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy; however, respondents in rural areas were more likely to report low general vaccine trust compared to those in urban areas (OR = 1.87; P < .01). Respondents reporting no fear (OR = 5.51; P < .001) and very little fear (OR = 1.95; P < .05) of COVID-19 had greater odds of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy compared to respondents who feared COVID-19 infection to a great extent. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and general trust in vaccines differ significantly among age, sex, race, and education. These trust and hesitancy patterns are challenges for achieving population immunity and follow similar patterns of vulnerability to COVID-19. Vaccination programs and interventions must consider these differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and general vaccine trust to alleviate COVID-19 disparities. Findings make a significant contribution in evaluating vaccine hesitancy among a large, diverse sample from a rural state.