Dietary glycemic index and the risk of age-related macular degeneration
Dietary glycemic index and the risk of age-related macular degeneration
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/88.4.1104
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Mitchell, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaushik, Shweta;Wang, Jie Jin;Mitchell, Paul
背景：饮食因素是已知的老年性黄斑变性（AMD）的危险因素，这是65岁人群视力丧失的主要原因。高血糖指数饮食被假设为AMD的危险因素，但缺乏前瞻性数据。目的：目的是研究饮食血糖指数与蓝山眼研究人群中AMD 10-y发病率之间的关系。设计：这是一项基于人群的队列研究，在基线（1992 - 1994）检查了3654名参与者（>= 49）；2335例患者在5岁后复查，1952例患者在10岁后复查。采用威斯康星系统根据视网膜照片对10岁时发生的早期和晚期AMD进行分级。使用食物频率问卷收集基线时的饮食信息，并使用澳大利亚数据库计算平均血糖指数。结果：超过10年，1810人中有208人（累计发病率：14.1%）发展为早期AMD。在调整年龄、吸烟、其他危险因素和饮食成分后，在四分位数1和四分位数4的比较中，较高的平均饮食血糖指数与早期AMD的10年风险增加相关[相对风险（RR）： 1.77；95% ci: 1.13, 2.78；P代表趋势= 0.03]。相反，大量食用谷物纤维（RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.44, 1.04； P为趋势= 0.05）和面包和谷物（主要是血糖指数较低的食物，如燕麦片）（RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.44, 1.02； P为趋势= 0.03）与降低早期AMD发生的风险相关。与晚期AMD无相关性。结论：高血糖指数饮食是早期AMD的危险因素- AMD是公认的威胁视力的晚期AMD的前兆。低血糖指数食物如燕麦片可以预防早期黄斑变性。
Background: Dietary factors are known risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-the leading cause of visual loss among persons aged >= 65 y. High-glycemic-index diets have been hypothesized as a risk factor for AMD, but prospective data are unavailable.Objective: The objective was to examine the association between dietary glycemic index and the 10-y incidence of AMD in the Blue Mountain Eye Study population.Design: This was a population-based cohort study with 3654 participants (>= 49 y) examined at baseline (1992 - 1994); 2335 patients were reexamined after 5 y and 1952 after 10 y. The Wisconsin System was used to grade 10-y incident early and late AMD from retinal photographs. A food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary information at baseline, and an Australian database was used to calculate the mean glycemic index.Results: Over 10 y, 208 of 1810 persons (cumulative incidence: 14.1%) developed early AMD. After age, smoking, other risk factors, and dietary constituents were adjusted for, a higher mean dietary glycemic index was associated with an increased 10-y risk of early AMD in a comparison of quartiles 1 and 4 [relative risk (RR): 1.77; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.78; P for trend = 0.03]. Conversely, a greater consumption of cereal fiber (RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.44, 1.04; P for trend = 0.05) and breads and cereals (predominantly lower glycemic index foods such as oatmeal) (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.44, 1.02; P for trend = 0.03) was associated with a reduced risk of incident early AMD. No relation was observed with late AMD.Conclusions: A high-glycemic-index diet is a risk factor for early AMD-the recognized precursor of sight-threatening late AMD. Low-glycemic-index foods such as oatmeal may protect against early AMD.