The role of human ankle plantar flexor muscle-tendon interaction and architecture in maximal vertical jumping examined in vivo
The role of human ankle plantar flexor muscle-tendon interaction and architecture in maximal vertical jumping examined in vivo
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.126854
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Cresswell, Andrew G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farris, Dominic James;Lichtwark, Glen A.;Cresswell, Andrew G.
人类利用下肢肌肉的弹性肌腱在行走、跑步和跳跃时储存和返回能量。无尾目和昆虫物种使用骨骼结构和/或动力学结合类似的顺应性结构，以放大跳跃过程中的肌肉功率输出。我们试图研究人类跳跃者是否使用类似的机制，以帮助弹性能量的使用在跖屈肌肌肉在最大的垂直跳跃。10名男运动员进行了最大垂直蹲跳。三维运动捕捉和肌肉骨骼模型被用来确定下肢运动学，结合地面反作用力数据的逆动力学分析。B型超声成像的外侧腓肠肌（GAS）和比目鱼肌（SOL）的肌肉被用来测量肌束长度和羽状角在跳跃。我们的研究结果强调，GAS和SOL都以类似catastrophic的方式利用了其系列弹性元件（SEE）的拉伸和反冲，这可能有助于最大限度地提高踝关节的力量。支撑体重的阻力允许GAS和SOL SEE的初始拉伸。近端到远端序列的关节力矩和减少有效的机械效益早期在伸展阶段的跳跃运动进行了观察。这有助于进一步拉伸双关节GAS的SEE，并延迟SOL SEE的回缩。然而，有效的机械优势并没有增加后期的跳跃，以帮助弹性组织的回缩。
Humans utilise elastic tendons of lower limb muscles to store and return energy during walking, running and jumping. Anuran and insect species use skeletal structures and/or dynamics in conjunction with similarly compliant structures to amplify muscle power output during jumping. We sought to examine whether human jumpers use similar mechanisms to aid elastic energy usage in the plantar flexor muscles during maximal vertical jumping. Ten male athletes performed maximal vertical squat jumps. Three-dimensional motion capture and a musculoskeletal model were used to determine lower limb kinematics that were combined with ground reaction force data in an inverse dynamics analysis. B-mode ultrasound imaging of the lateral gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) muscles was used to measure muscle fascicle lengths and pennation angles during jumping. Our results highlighted that both GAS and SOL utilised stretch and recoil of their series elastic elements (SEEs) in a catapult-like fashion, which likely serves to maximise ankle joint power. The resistance of supporting of body weight allowed initial stretch of both GAS and SOL SEEs. A proximal-to-distal sequence of joint moments and decreasing effective mechanical advantage early in the extension phase of the jumping movement were observed. This facilitated a further stretch of the SEE of the biarticular GAS and delayed recoil of the SOL SEE. However, effective mechanical advantage did not increase late in the jump to aid recoil of elastic tissues.