Sentences with Be, Exist, and Have in Chinese
Sentences with Be, Exist, and Have in Chinese
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汉语中的“Be”、“Exist”、“have”句子
作者：
Ying
被称为中文存在句的一组句子，包含主要动词 sh 'to be'、zdi '存在、存在'和 yJu 'to have' 被检查。通过这些句子中出现的名词短语的种类以及三个动词的共现条件揭示了它们在语法和语义上的相关性。关于这些句子的属性的六个一般观察得到证实。可见，这三个动词的出现与NP的地位和地位密切相关。动词也可以单独选择并可转换地引入到这些存在句子中。最后提出这三个动词是此类句子中单个汉语动词的变体表示。这些句子中的 NP 也根据其句法功能和特征（例如确定性和照应性）进行了讨论。*
The group of sentences called existential sentences in Chinese, containing the main verbs sh 'to be', zdi 'to exist, be present', and yJu 'to have' are examined. Their relatedness in syntax and semantics is explored, as revealed by the kinds of noun phrases which occur in these sentences and by the co-occurrence conditions of the three verbs. Six general observations on the properties of these sentences are substantiated. It is clear that the occurrence of the three verbs is closely related to the status and position of the NP's. The verbs are also individually selectable and transformationally introducible into these existential sentences. It is finally proposed that the three verbs are variant representations of a single Chinese verb in such sentences. The NP's in these sentences are also discussed in terms of their syntactic functions and characteristics such as definiteness and anaphoricness.*