Mycobiota and Mycotoxins in Traditional Medicinal Seeds from China.
Mycobiota and Mycotoxins in Traditional Medicinal Seeds from China.
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中国传统药用种子中的真菌群和真菌毒素
DOI：
10.3390/toxins7103858
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发表时间：
2015-09-24
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Gao W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen AJ;Jiao X;Hu Y;Lu X;Gao W
综合评价食品饮料药用种子中多种真菌毒素的内部和表层真菌污染情况。基于使用形态特征、β-微管蛋白和 ITS 基因爆炸的多相方法，从表面灭菌的种子中鉴定出属于 12 属的 27 个物种。球孢毛壳菌 (Chaetomium globosporum) 占主导地位 (23%)，其次是三棱微子囊菌 (12%) 和链格孢 (Alternaria alternata) (9%)。浅表真菌群共检出17属34种。黑曲霉和波罗尼青霉占主导地位（分别为 12% 和 15%）。使用 UPLC-MS/MS 检测药用种子样品和潜在产毒真菌中的赭曲霉毒素 A (OTA) 和黄曲霉毒素（AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2）。侧柏种子被 AFB1 (52.0 µg/kg) 污染，柑橘种子被 OTA (92.3 µg/kg) 污染。随后的分析表明，从侧柏种子中分离出的一株黄曲霉菌能够合成 AFB1 (102.0 µg/kg) 和 AFB2 (15.3 µg/kg)。从橘子和荔枝种子中分离出的两种 P.polonicum 菌株能够合成 OTA（分别为 4.1 µg/kg 和 14.8 µg/kg）。这些结果确定了药用种子中 OTA 和黄曲霉毒素的潜在来源，并暗示需要对人类通常食用的这些种子中的真菌毒素建立允许限值。
The multi-mycotoxin occurrence for internal and superficial fungi contamination were comprehensively assessed in medicinal seeds used as food or beverage. Based on a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, β-tubulin and ITS gene blast, a total of 27 species belonging to 12 genera were identified from surface-sterilized seeds. Chaetomium globosporum was most predominant (23%), followed by Microascus trigonosporus (12%) and Alternaria alternata (9%). With respect to superficial mycobiota, thirty-four species belonging to 17 genera were detected. Aspergillus niger and Penicillium polonicum were predominant (12% and 15%, respectively). Medicinal seed samples and potential toxigenic fungi were tested for ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) using UPLC-MS/MS. Platycladi seeds were contaminated with AFB1 (52.0 µg/kg) and tangerine seed was contaminated with OTA (92.3 µg/kg). Subsequent analysis indicated that one A. flavus strain isolated from platycladi seed was able to synthesize AFB1 (102.0 µg/kg) and AFB2 (15.3 µg/kg). Two P. polonicum strains isolated from tangerine and lychee seeds were able to synthesize OTA (4.1 µg/kg and 14.8 µg/kg, respectively). These results identify potential sources of OTA and aflatoxins in medicinal seeds and allude to the need to establish permitted limits for these mycotoxins in these seeds that are commonly consumed by humans.