BACTERIAL MEDIATORS IN PERIODONTAL-DISEASE
BACTERIAL MEDIATORS IN PERIODONTAL-DISEASE
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DOI：
10.1093/clinids/16.supplement_4.s203
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发表时间：
1993-06-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
LOESCHE, WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LOESCHE, WJ
牙周病是对牙周组织和底层结缔组织对牙齿上细菌堆积(牙菌斑)的炎症反应的一般描述。有限数量的可培养物种通常与牙周病有关。大多数可能的牙周病原体是革兰氏阴性厌氧菌。鉴于放线菌伴生放线杆菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌和齿密螺旋体在文献中的突出地位，我们将讨论它们的一些特征。这些生物具有穿透牙龈上皮的能力，因此它们的内毒素、免疫活性化合物以及细胞毒酶和分子直接呈现给宿主的炎症细胞。这种能力可能是这些革兰氏阴性物种区别于其他大量居住在牙龈下菌斑的革兰氏阴性物种的原因。此外，这些微生物往往被选择用于治疗与疾病相关的牙菌斑，这表明当牙周沟液中含有各种炎症介质和组织分解产物时，它们的营养需求就得到了满足。伴生放线菌产生一种白毒素，宿主对这种抗原的免疫反应可能解释了局限性青少年牙周炎中牙齿受累的独特模式。牙龈假单胞菌和齿假单胞菌都有一种类似胰酶的酶，可能是一种毒力因子，主要是因为这种酶(S)可能允许这些微生物在宿主的炎症反应存在的情况下生长。
Periodontal disease is the general description given to the inflammatory response of the gingiva and underlying connective tissue to bacterial accumulations (dental plaque) on the teeth. A limited number of cultivable species are usually associated with periodontal disease. The majority of putative periodontal pathogens are gram-negative anaerobic rods. Some of the characteristics of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola will be discussed, given their prominence in the literature. These organisms share the ability to penetrate the gingival epithelium, such that their endotoxins, immunologically active compounds, and cytotoxic enzymes and molecules are presented directly to the host's inflammatory cells. This ability may be what distinguishes these gram-negative species from the plethora of other gram-negative species that inhabit the subgingival plaque. In addition, these organisms tend to be selected for in disease-associated plaques, suggesting that their nutritional needs are met when the gingival crevicular fluid contains a variety of inflammatory mediators and products of tissue breakdown. A. actinomycetemcomitans produces a leukotoxin, and the immunologic response of the host to this antigen may explain the unique pattern of tooth involvement in localized juvenile periodontitis. Both P. gingivalis and T. denticola have a trypsin-like enzyme that could be a virulence factor, primarily because this enzyme(s) may allow these organisms to grow in the presence of the inflammatory response of the host.