Interaction of Press and Pulse Disturbance on Crayfish Populations: Flood Impacts in Pasture and Forest Streams
Interaction of Press and Pulse Disturbance on Crayfish Populations: Flood Impacts in Pasture and Forest Streams
复制标题
压力和脉冲干扰对小龙虾种群的相互作用：牧场和森林溪流的洪水影响
DOI：
10.1023/b:hydr.0000043189.91134.94
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
K. Collier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Parkyn;K. Collier
压力和脉冲干扰之间的相互作用可以显着影响底栖大型无脊椎动物（小龙虾）种群。土地利用变化等压力干扰会改变小龙虾的栖息地，从而使小龙虾更容易受到脉冲干扰的有害影响。脉冲干扰，即一场大洪水（28 年一遇）对牧场小龙虾 (Paranephrops planifrons) 的影响明显大于原生森林溪流。在洪水发生前的两年里，对三片森林和三条牧场溪流中的小龙虾种群密度进行了季节性测量，许多小龙虾都贴上了单独可识别的标签。洪水过后，在森林溪流中重新捕获了少量带有标记的小龙虾，但在任何牧场溪流中都没有发现带有标记的小龙虾。一条牧场溪流中的小龙虾密度从洪水前的平均 5 m−2 下降到洪水后不久的 <1 m−2，并且种群花了 3 年时间才出现恢复迹象。大型植物和鹅卵石是牧场溪流中小龙虾的主要栖息地，但在洪水期间似乎并没有提供稳定的栖息地。栖息地的稳定性与森林溪流的河岸带有关，其中下凹的河岸、树根和水池是小龙虾的重要栖息地。当土地利用变化的压力影响栖息地的稳定性时，频繁的脉冲干扰可能会影响依赖栖息地的物种的种群持续存在，但这可能只有在很长一段时间内才会显现出来。
Interactions between press and pulse disturbances can significantly impact benthic macroinvertebrate (crayfish) populations. Press disturbances such as land-use change can make crayfish more vulnerable to the detrimental effects of pulse disturbances, by changing the habitats available to crayfish. The impact of a pulse disturbance, a major flood (1 in 28 years return period), on crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons) was significantly greater in pasture than native forest streams. Population densities of crayfish in three forest and three pasture streams had been measured seasonally for 2 years prior to the flood and many crayfish had been marked with individually identifiable tags. Low numbers of marked crayfish were recaptured after the flood in the forest streams, but no marked crayfish were identified in any pasture stream. Crayfish densities in one pasture stream declined from an average of 5 m−2 prior to the flood to <1 m−2 soon after the flood and it took 3 years for the population to show evidence of recovery. Macrophytes and cobbles, the dominant habitats of crayfish in pasture streams, did not appear to provide stable refugia during the flood. Habitat stability was linked to the riparian zone in forest streams where undercut banks, tree roots, and pools were important habitats for crayfish. Frequent pulse disturbance could affect population persistence of refugia-dependent species when the pressure of land-use change affects the stability of habitats, but this may only be evident over long time scales.