Consumer Energy Research: A Review
Consumer Energy Research: A Review
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消费者能源研究：回顾
DOI：
10.1086/208875
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发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
C. Anderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Mcdougall;J. Claxton;J. Ritchie;C. Anderson
消费者能源研究的社会意义可以通过观察消费者节能在追求长期能源安全中的重要性，以及通过认识消费者研究在确定有效节能措施中的作用来建立。消费者节能的重要性是显而易见的，例如，对美国的估计表明，消费者的家庭和汽车能源占全国能源需求的40（能源信息管理局1980年），保护工作可以减少消费者消费高达40（Gray and von Hippel 1981; Sawhill 1979; Stern and Gardner 1981）。利用这种保护潜力的努力在广泛的组织中得到了证明，这些组织建立了保护部门，并实施了各种保护计划。此外，这些努力正在取得一些成功。例如，大通曼哈顿银行（Chase Manhattan Bank）最近的一项调查显示，1973年至1980年间，10个主要石油消费国的石油需求平均减少了2%。另一方面，大部分的保护潜力仍未开发。人们期望消费者能源研究能够为抓住这一潜力做出重要贡献。在注意到对保护的日益关注之后，认识到与保护有关的消费者研究的增长也很重要。该研究的一份参考书目显示，1972年有7项研究，1976年有86项，1980年有150项，迄今为止的研究总数超过600项（McDougall and安德森，1981）。这种增长加上诸如《消费者研究杂志》特刊之类的事件表明，消费者能源研究正在迅速成为一个具有极端社会和经济意义的领域，在这个领域中，行为研究人员可以发挥领导和影响作用。在此背景下，本文的目的是回顾过去十年来消费者能源研究的演变。这是通过（1）分类消费者能源研究，并按类别查看趋势，（2）审查更多的理论研究，试图了解消费者能源消费和节能模式，（3）审查更多的应用研究，评估各种节能举措的影响，（4）讨论未来消费者能源研究的方向。
T he social significance of consumer energy research can be established by observing the importance of consumer energy conservation in the quest for long-run energy security, and by recognizing the role of consumer research in the identification of effective conservation initiatives. The importance of consumer energy conservation is obvious when, for example, estimates for the United States indicate that consumers' in-home and automobile energy account for up to 40 percent of national energy demand (Energy Information Administration 1980), and that conservation efforts could reduce consumer consumption by as much as 40 percent (Gray and von Hippel 1981; Sawhill 1979; Stern and Gardner 1981). Efforts to capitalize on this conservation potential are in evidence in the wide range of organizations that have established conservation departments and in the variety of conservation programs that have been implemented. Further, these efforts are meeting with some success. For example, a recent review by the Chase Manhattan Bank indicated an average of two percent reduction in oil demand between 1973 and 1980 across ten major oil-consuming, noncommunist countries. On the other hand, much of the conservation potential remains untapped. The expectation is that consumer energy research can make an important contribution to capturing this potential. Having noted the increasing attention to conservation, it is also important to recognize the growth in conservationrelated consumer research. One bibliography of this research indicated seven studies in 1972, 86 in 1976, and 150 in 1980, with the total studies to date in excess of 600 (McDougall and Anderson 1981). This growth plus events such as this special issue of The Journal of Consumer Research demonstrate that consumer energy research is rapidly emerging as an area of extreme social and economic significance-an area in which behavioral researchers can assume a leading and influential role. With this background in mind, the purpose of this paper is to review the evolution of consumer energy research over the past decade. This is done by (1) categorizing consumer energy research and looking at trends by category, (2) reviewing the more theoretical research that has attempted to understand consumer energy consumption and conservation patterns, (3) reviewing the more applied research that has evaluated the impact of various conservation initiatives, and (4) discussing directions for future consumer energy research.