Insights into Broilers' Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets.
Insights into Broilers' Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2016.02033
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Camarinha-Silva A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Borda-Molina D;Vital M;Sommerfeld V;Rodehutscord M;Camarinha-Silva A
在肉鸡日粮中添加植酸酶是提高磷利用率和减少磷排泄损失的常用措施。提高磷的利用率，并同时补充钙（Ca），可以影响肉鸡消化道微生物群落的结构。在这里，我们的目的是区分矿物质磷，钙，和植酸酶对微生物群落的组成存在于内容物和肉鸡胃肠道（GIT）的粘膜层的影响。对于所研究的GIT切片，观察到在GIT和粘膜样本之间存在显著差异（p = 0.001）。对56只个体鸡的分析表明，在相同饮食的重复中，微生物组成的变异性很高。在所有饲料中，回肠和粘膜样品重复内的平均相似性范围为29 - 82%（作物）、19-49%（回肠）和17-39%（盲肠）。日粮中仅添加钙的肉鸡增重和饲料转化率最低，而日粮中添加磷的肉鸡表现出最佳的生产性能。观察到每种饮食对作物粘膜样品的影响，然而，从农作物样品中没有获得类似的结果。微生物群落定植回肠粘膜样品的影响，磷补充。与其他GIT部分相比，来自盲肠的样本显示出最高的微生物多样性，最突出的系统型与粪杆菌属和假黄杆菌属相关，它们因其对肠道健康的影响和丁酸盐生产者而闻名。农作物中的微生物多样性较低与只补充钙的饲料喂养的鸟类的生长性能较低有关。每种饲料影响单个切片内的微生物群落，然而，没有饲料在所有GIT切片中显示出综合效应，这主要归因于重复之间的巨大变异性。大量的社区之间的差异，reflesta和粘膜来源的样品表明，这两个栖息地必须考虑的影响时，饮食对肠道微生物群，肉鸡的生长性能，和动物健康的调查。
Phytase supplementation in broiler diets is a common practice to improve phosphorus (P) availability and to reduce P loss by excretion. An enhanced P availability, and its concomitant supplementation with calcium (Ca), can affect the structure of the microbial community in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Here, we aim to distinguish the effects of mineral P, Ca, and phytase on the composition of microbial communities present in the content and the mucosa layer of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens. Significant differences were observed between digesta and mucosa samples for the GIT sections studied (p = 0.001). The analyses of 56 individual birds showed a high microbial composition variability within the replicates of the same diet. The average similarity within replicates of digesta and mucosa samples across all diets ranged from 29 to 82% in crop, 19–49% in ileum, and 17–39% in caeca. Broilers fed with a diet only supplemented with Ca had the lowest body weight gain and feed conversion values while diets supplemented with P showed the best performance results. An effect of each diet on crop mucosa samples was observed, however, similar results were not obtained from digesta samples. Microbial communities colonizing the ileum mucosa samples were affected by P supplementation. Caeca-derived samples showed the highest microbial diversity when compared to the other GIT sections and the most prominent phylotypes were related to genus Faecalibacterium and Pseudoflavonifractor, known for their influence on gut health and as butyrate producers. Lower microbial diversity in crop digesta was linked to lower growth performance of birds fed with a diet only supplemented with Ca. Each diet affected microbial communities within individual sections, however, no diet showed a comprehensive effect across all GIT sections, which can primarily be attributed to the great variability among replicates. The substantial community differences between digesta and mucosa derived samples indicate that both habitats have to be considered when the influence of diet on the gut microbiota, broiler growth performance, and animal health is investigated.