TOPOFIRE: A Topographically Resolved Wildfire Danger and Drought Monitoring System for the Conterminous United States
TOPOFIRE: A Topographically Resolved Wildfire Danger and Drought Monitoring System for the Conterminous United States
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TOPOFIRE：针对美国本土的地形解决野火危险和干旱监测系统
DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-18-0178.1
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Landguth, Erin L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holden, Zachary A.;Jolly, W. Matt;Swanson, Alan;Warren, Dyer A.;Jencso, Kelsey;Maneta, Marco;Burgard, Mitchell;Gibson, Chris;Hoylman, Zachary;Landguth, Erin L.
在山区，能量和有效水分的模式在小范围内（<1公里）会发生变化。有关燃料和土壤湿度条件的信息可以解决这种变化，有助于为火灾和干旱管理决策提供信息。在这里，我们描述了TOPOFIRE的开发，这是一个基于网络的制图系统，旨在为美国邻近地区提供土壤水分平衡、干旱和野火危险信息的精细解析信息。我们开发了8角秒分辨率（~250米）的每日历史、近实时和4天预测辐射、温度、湿度和雪水当量数据，并使用这些网格来计算一套干旱和野火危险指数。短波辐射和地面空气温度的巨大差异导致朝北斜坡上的积雪积聚和融化时间延迟，从而延迟了阴影斜坡上的燃料调节。这些数据集将有助于提高我们对地形在野火蔓延和生态影响中的作用的理解。与野火评估系统、野火决策支持系统和干旱预警系统等国家项目的整合可以支持对野火进行更积极的管理，并改进美国山区干旱的特征。
Patterns of energy and available moisture can vary over small (<1 km) distances in mountainous terrain. Information on fuel and soil moisture conditions that resolves this variation could help to inform fire and drought management decisions. Here, we describe the development of TOPOFIRE, a web-based mapping system designed to provide finely resolved information on soil water balance, drought, and wildfire danger information for the contiguous United States. We developed 8-arc-second-resolution (~250 meter) daily historical, near real-time, and 4-day forecast radiation, temperature, humidity, and snow water equivalent data and used these grids to calculate a suite of drought and wildfire danger indices. Large differences in shortwave radiation and surface air temperature with aspect contribute to greater snow accumulation and delays in melt timing on north-facing slopes, delaying fuel conditioning on shaded slopes. These datasets will help advance our understanding of the role of topography in wildland fire spread and ecological effects. Integration with national programs like the Wildland Fire Assessment System, the Wildland Fire Decision Support System, and drought early warning systems could support more proactive management of wildland fires and refine the characterization of drought in mountainous regions of the United States.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1802316115
发表时间：
2018-09-04
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Holden, Zachary A.;Swanson, Alan;Affleck, David
通讯作者：
Affleck, David