Testing the Role of the Red Queen and Court Jester as Drivers of the Macroevolution of Apollo Butterflies
Testing the Role of the Red Queen and Court Jester as Drivers of the Macroevolution of Apollo Butterflies
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DOI：
10.1093/sysbio/syy009
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Sanmartin, Isabel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Condamine, Fabien L.;Rolland, Jonathan;Sanmartin, Isabel
在宏观进化中，红皇后（RQ）模型假定生物多样性动态主要取决于物种内在的生物因素，如物种之间的相互作用或生活史特征，而法院杰斯特（CJ）模型则认为外部环境非生物因素具有更强的作用。直到最近，由于缺乏相关的方法论途径，这两种类型的因素对谱系进化史的贡献一直无法解开。在此，我们利用新的宏观进化模型的快速发展，将多样化率与古环境（外在）和/或生物（内在）因素的变化联系起来。我们推断出一个强大的和完全采样的物种水平的进化，以及分歧的时间和祖先的地理范围，并与这些辐射的阿波罗蝴蝶（绢蝶亚科）使用现存的（分子）和灭绝（化石/形态）的证据。我们测试了他们的多样化动态是否更好地解释了RQ或CJ假说，通过评估物种形成和灭绝是否介导的多样性依赖（生态位填充）和分支依赖的宿主植物协会（RQ）或大规模的连续变化，如气候或地质（CJ）的外在因素。对于RQ假说，我们发现与不同的寄主植物的物种形成率显着差异，但没有发现多样性依赖的迹象。对于CJ来说，喜马拉雅-西藏建筑的作用对于地理学是实质性的，但不是高物种形成的驱动因素，而温暖的气候和物种形成/灭绝之间的正相关性得到了不断变化的最大似然模型的支持。我们发现，而不是一个单一的因素，多个因素（地理，物种特征，环境驱动因素和大规模灭绝）的联合作用是负责目前的多样性模式，同一个因素可能会在不同的分支，强调机会的概念。这项研究证实了几个因素的汇合，而不是单一的解释，在血统内的多样化建模的重要性。
In macroevolution, the Red Queen (RQ) model posits that biodiversity dynamics depend mainly on species-intrinsic biotic factors such as interactions among species or life-history traits, while the Court Jester (CJ) model states that extrinsic environmental abiotic factors have a stronger role. Until recently, a lack of relevant methodological approaches has prevented the unraveling of contributions from these 2 types of factors to the evolutionary history of a lineage. Herein, we take advantage of the rapid development of new macroevolution models that tie diversification rates to changes in paleoenvironmental (extrinsic) and/or biotic (intrinsic) factors. We inferred a robust and fully-sampled species-level phylogeny, as well as divergence times and ancestral geographic ranges, and related these to the radiation of Apollo butterflies (Parnassiinae) using both extant (molecular) and extinct (fossil/morphological) evidence. We tested whether their diversification dynamics are better explained by an RQ or CJ hypothesis, by assessing whether speciation and extinction were mediated by diversity-dependence (niche filling) and clade-dependent host-plant association (RQ) or by large-scale continuous changes in extrinsic factors such as climate or geology (CJ). For the RQ hypothesis, we found significant differences in speciation rates associated with different host-plants but detected no sign of diversity-dependence. For CJ, the role of Himalayan-Tibetan building was substantial for biogeography but not a driver of high speciation, while positive dependence between warm climate and speciation/extinction was supported by continuously varying maximum-likelihood models. We find that rather than a single factor, the joint effect of multiple factors (biogeography, species traits, environmental drivers, and mass extinction) is responsible for current diversity patterns and that the same factor might act differently across clades, emphasizing the notion of opportunity. This study confirms the importance of the confluence of several factors rather than single explanations in modeling diversification within lineages.