The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes
The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049
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发表时间：
2015-04-28
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Walter, Jens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martinez, Ines;Stegen, James C.;Walter, Jens
虽然最近的研究揭示了西化对人类肠道微生物群的多样性和组成的影响，但对代谢特征的确切后果还没有得到充分的理解，并且尚未阐明潜在的生态机制。在这里，我们比较了来自巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）两个非工业化地区的成年人与美国（US）居民的粪便微生物群。巴布亚新几内亚人拥有更大的细菌多样性，更低的个体间变异，差异巨大的丰度分布，以及美国居民无法检测到的细菌谱系。对控制群落组装的生态过程的量化确定了细菌传播是塑造巴布亚新几内亚而不是美国微生物组的主导过程。这些研究结果表明，在工业化社会中检测到的微生物组改变可能是由于现代生活方式因素限制了细菌的传播，这对人类健康和旨在纠正西化影响的战略的制定具有影响。
Although recent research revealed an impact of westernization on diversity and composition of the human gut microbiota, the exact consequences on metacommunity characteristics are insufficiently understood, and the underlying ecological mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, we have compared the fecal microbiota of adults from two non-industrialized regions in Papua New Guinea (PNG) with that of United States (US) residents. Papua New Guineans harbor communities with greater bacterial diversity, lower inter-individual variation, vastly different abundance profiles, and bacterial lineages undetectable in US residents. A quantification of the ecological processes that govern community assembly identified bacterial dispersal as the dominant process that shapes the microbiome in PNG but not in the US. These findings suggest that the microbiome alterations detected in industrialized societies might arise from modern lifestyle factors limiting bacterial dispersal, which has implications for human health and the development of strategies aimed to redress the impact of westernization.