Effects of short-term feeding with high fiber diets on growth, utilization of dietary fiber, and microbiota in pigs.
Effects of short-term feeding with high fiber diets on growth, utilization of dietary fiber, and microbiota in pigs.
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短期饲喂高纤维日粮对猪生长、膳食纤维利用和微生物群的影响
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2022.963917
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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通过28天或更长时间的试验，育肥猪可根据生产性能和肠道菌群顺利适应高纤维饲粮。然而，目前尚不清楚，在实验期间的哪个阶段，适应发生。本试验研究了饲粮纤维（总膳食纤维（TDF）为16.70 ~ 24.11%）添加量对育肥猪生长性能、纤维消化率、粪便微生物群和微生物发酵的影响。结果表明，饲粮纤维含量的增加对猪的平均日采食量和料重比无显著影响。当TDF为16.70 ~ 17.75%时，猪的纤维素、半纤维素、不溶性膳食纤维（IDF）、可溶性膳食纤维（SDF）和TDF的表观全消化道消化率（ATTD）保持不变，而当TDF为17.75 ~ 24.11%时，表观全消化道消化率显著降低。值得注意的是，增加纤维摄入量似乎有利于半纤维素消化。此外，纤维摄入量的增加增加了粪便微生物的多样性，特别是提高了Prevotellaceae、Ruminococcaceae和Lachnospiraceae家族成员的比例，降低了链球菌属的丰度。此外，纤维摄入量的增加促进了纤维的消化，短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的产生，并增强了微生物的丙酮酸代谢和丁酸代谢。由此可见，短期高纤维饲喂对育肥猪的生长性能无不良影响。在TDF为17.75%时，肥育猪饲粮纤维的ATTD保持不变。短期高纤维饲喂提高了育肥猪微生物多样性和纤维降解功能。
Finishing pigs can adapt to high-fiber diet smoothly according to the production performance and their intestinal microbiota through a 28-day trial or longer. However, it is unclear, at which stage during the experimental period, the adaptation occurred. Here we studied the dosage effects of dietary fiber (Total dietary fiber (TDF) from 16.70 to 24.11%) on growth performance, fiber digestibility, fecal microbiota, and microbial fermentation of finishing pigs during a 14-day feeding period. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed/gain (F/G) of pigs were not affected as the dietary fiber increased. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of cellulose, hemicellulose, insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and TDF of pigs remained unchanged when TDF was between 16.70 and 17.75%, while strikingly decreased when TDF increased from 17.75 to 24.11%. It is worth noting that increasing fiber intake seemed to favor hemicellulose digestion. In addition, the increase in fiber intake increased fecal microbial diversity, especially improved the proportion of the members of the family Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, and decreased the abundance of the genus Streptococcus. Moreover, the increase in fiber intake promoted the digestion of fiber, production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and enhanced microbial pyruvate metabolism and butanoate metabolism. In conclusion, short-term high fiber feeding has no adverse effects on the growth performance of finishing pigs. ATTD of dietary fiber of finishing pigs was maintained when TDF was at 17.75%. And short-term high fiber feeding improved microbial diversity and fiber degradation functions of finishing pigs.