On Transitional Justice Entrepreneurs and the Production of Victims
On Transitional Justice Entrepreneurs and the Production of Victims
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DOI：
10.1093/jhuman/huq005
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Madlingozi, Tshepo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Madlingozi, Tshepo
当过渡司法专家找到受害者，选择将他从边缘拯救出来，将他归类并在世界舞台上代表他时，(重新)产生了什么样的政治？更具体地说，鉴于过渡时期司法专家在为受害者发言的基础上使他们的存在合法化，专家是否有可能以有助于真正赋予受害者权力的方式对受害者的故事行使“责任”？这篇文章的主要目的是试探性地评论过渡司法行业是如何“产生”受害者的，以及是什么样的受害者。在第一节中，我对过渡司法专家为受害者发言时产生的受害者的政治主观性提出了一些一般性意见。在第二节中，我要看看总部设在南非的一个有55 000多名成员的社会运动--库鲁马尼支助小组--如何就过渡时期司法界及其代表所带来的矛盾进行谈判--在某种意义上讲，这既是为了受害者，也是为了受害者。我的结论是，既然‘故事’是权威专家和被边缘化的受害者之间的主要交汇点，‘对故事的责任’应该不仅仅意味着善待受害者或遵守严格的科学和道德标准；它还应该--如果不是主要的--关于资源和权力的重新分配。在履行对故事的责任时，专家们需要废除托管和复制殖民关系。
What kinds of politics are (re) produced when a transitional justice expert seeks out the victim, elects to rescue him from his marginality, categorizes him and represents him on the world stage? More specifically, given the fact that transitional justice experts legitimize their existence on the basis of speaking about and for victims, is it ever possible for the expert to exercise 'responsibility' to the victim's story in ways that contribute to the genuine empowerment of the victim? The main aim of this contribution is to make some tentative remarks on how, and what kind of, victims are 'produced' by the transitional justice industry. In the first section I make some generalized observations regarding the political subjectivity of victims produced when transitional justice experts speak about and for victims. In the second section I then look at how Khulumani Support Group, a South African-based social movement of over 55,000 members, has negotiated the contradictions brought about by the transitional justice industry and its representations - in a sense of speaking both about and for victims. I conclude that since 'the story' is the main point of encounter between the authoritative expert and the marginalized victim, 'responsibility to the story' should mean more than being nice to victims or adhering to rigorous scientific and ethical standards; it should also, if not principally, be about redistribution of resources and power. In exercising responsibility to the story experts need to dismantle trusteeship and reproduction of colonial relations.