Latino Health Paradoxes: Empirical Evidence, Explanations, Future Research, and Implications
Latino Health Paradoxes: Empirical Evidence, Explanations, Future Research, and Implications
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DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-71943-6_7
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bates, Lisa M.
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作者：
Acevedo-Garcia, Dolores;Bates, Lisa M.
在过去的几十年里，美国拉丁裔人口的增长和拉丁裔移民的适应越来越受到学术和政策的关注。一些人认为拉丁裔人口的增长是一股积极的力量，将重新定义美国社会，并可能加强多样性和民主（Suarez-Orozco &佩兹，2002）。另一方面，一些人认为西班牙裔移民对构成美国文化核心的盎格鲁-新教价值观和习俗构成了威胁（亨廷顿，2004）。在健康研究中，拉丁美洲健康悖论（定义如下）的主题也成为越来越多的辩论的主题。对一些人来说，拉美裔人的健康优势可能源于他们的“文化取向”和强大的社交网络。对另一些人来说，所谓的悖论是选择过程的结果，这些选择过程使美国的拉丁美洲移民比他们的非移民国民更健康。因此，这一学派认为，“悖论”毕竟不是悖论。本章介绍了拉丁美洲健康悖论的实证证据，并讨论了可能的解释和影响，这样的悖论。我们认为，对拉丁美洲人的健康研究应嵌入在一个复杂的理解的背景下，拉丁美洲移民，包括拉丁美洲的派遣国和移民适应的过程。因此，研究拉丁裔健康应该涉及移民适应社会学家和公共卫生研究人员之间的跨学科对话。大规模的拉丁裔移民是相对较新的，正在迅速发展（例如，除了传统的大都会地区门户之外，第二目的地的出现，非墨西哥拉丁美洲移民的增长，以及极具争议的移民政治和政策辩论的复苏）。由于这种流动性，了解拉丁美洲移民和拉丁美洲健康往往似乎难以捉摸。因此，本章的目的不是提供答案，而是提出可能丰富我们对拉丁美洲健康的调查的研究方法。本卷的其他章节深入讨论了拉丁美洲人在美国的经验的重要方面，如美国的人口统计拉丁美洲人口和移民适应。在这里，我们讨论这些因素可能会影响拉丁美洲人的健康，并强调了一些问题，了解观察到的健康模式在这一人群中是至关重要的。
In the last decades, the growth of the U.S. Latino population and the adaptation of Latino immigrants have increasingly been the subject of scholarly and policy attention. Some see the growth of the Latino population as a positive force that will redefine U.S. society and might strengthen diversity and democracy (Suarez-Orozco & Paez, 2002). On the other hand, some argue that Hispanic immigration constitutes a threat to the Anglo-Protestant values and practices that form the core of American culture (Huntington, 2004). In health research, the topic of Latino health paradoxes (defined below) is also becoming the subject of increased debate. For some, the health advantage that Latinos appear to have might be rooted in their “cultural orientation” and strong social networks. For others, the so-called paradoxes are the result of selection processes that bring to the United States Latino immigrants that are healthier than their nonimmigrant conationals. Hence, this school argues, “paradoxes” are, after all, not paradoxical. This chapter describes the empirical evidence on Latino health paradoxes and discusses possible explanations for and implications of such paradoxes. We argue that research on Latino health should be embedded in a complex understanding of the context of Latino immigration, including the Latin American sending countries and the process of immigrant adaptation. Thus, studying Latino health should involve an interdisciplinary dialogue between sociologists of immigrant adaptation and public health researchers. Large-scale Latino immigration is relatively recent and is rapidly evolving (e.g., the emergence of secondary destinations in addition to the traditional metro area gateways, the growth of non-Mexican Latin American immigration, and the resurgence of highly contentious immigration politics and policy debates). Because of this fluidity, understanding Latino immigration and Latino health often seems elusive. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is not to provide answers but to suggest research approaches that might enrich our inquiry into Latino health. Other chapters in this volume discuss in-depth important dimensions of the Latino experience in the United States, such as the demographics of the U.S. Latino population and immigrant adaptation. Here we discuss how these factors might influence Latino health and highlight some issues that are critical for understanding observed patterns of health in this population.