Walking to school and traffic exposure in Australian children
Walking to school and traffic exposure in Australian children
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-842x.1997.tb01701.x
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发表时间：
1997-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Nolan, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlin, JB;Stevenson, MR;Nolan, T
幼儿的日常行人活动模式对健康有重要影响，主要是因为有道路交通伤害的风险，但也因为它们可能反映了具有长期后果的锻炼习惯的开始。在澳大利亚的两个城市，墨尔本和珀斯，横断面调查，旨在收集，家长自填问卷，人口为基础的数据，交通方式，过马路的数量（有成人陪同和无成人陪同），以及社会人口因素，为6岁和9岁的儿童。结果表明，在墨尔本和珀斯，分别有35%（95%置信区间为31%至39%）和31%（置信区间为28%至34%）的学生步行上学，而60%以上的学生开车上学，骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具的比例很小。较高的步行水平与社会经济地位的几个指标的较低水平相关。Logistic回归分析显示，步行活动的最强预测因素是学校类型（政府与独立），调整后，较少的汽车拥有量，非英语背景和较低的职业类别与步行上学有关，而不同的预测因素年龄，性别和母亲教育与无人陪伴的过马路有关。男孩和女孩的总体步行水平差异不大，但男孩更有可能在无人陪伴的情况下过马路（调整后的比值比为1.41，CI为1.14至1.72），这为受伤率的性别差异提供了部分解释。
Daily patterns of pedestrian activity in young children have important health implications, primarily because of the risk of road traffic injury, but also because they may reflect the commencement of exercise habits with long-term consequences. A cross-sectional survey in two Australian cities, Melbourne and Perth, aimed to collect, by parent self-administered questionnaire, population-based data on modes of travel, numbers of street crossings (both accompanied and unaccompanied by an adult), and sociodemographic factors for six-and nine-year-old children. Results indicate that 35 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 31 to 39 per cent) and 31 per cent (CI 28 to 34 per cent) walk to school in Melbourne and Perth respectively, while over 60 per cent are driven to school by car, with very small proportions riding bicycles or taking public transport. A higher level of walking was associated with lower levels of several indicators of socioeconomic status. Logistic regression analysis showed that the strongest predictor of walking activity was school type (government versus independent), and after adjusting for this, lesser car ownership, non-English-speaking background and lower occupational category were associated with walking to school, while a different set of predictors-age, sex and maternal education-was associated with the unaccompanied crossing of streets. There was little difference in overall walking levels between boys and girls, but boys were significantly more likely to cross streets unaccompanied (adjusted odds ratio 1.41, CI 1.14 to 1.72), providing a partial explanation of documented sex differences in injury rates.