Design and Evaluation of a Low-Power Sensor Device for Induced Rockfall Experiments
Design and Evaluation of a Low-Power Sensor Device for Induced Rockfall Experiments
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DOI：
10.1109/tim.2017.2770799
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Benini, Luca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caviezel, Andrin;Schaffner, Michael;Benini, Luca
在过去的几十年里，落石已经成为一种严重而频繁的危险，特别是由于降水和温度的较大变化，破坏了山区岩质斜坡的稳定。因此，土木工程师正在应用最新的模拟工具来执行风险评估和规划缓解策略。这些工具基于各种模型，具有许多参数，应使用真实世界的现场测量数据进行校准和评估。在本文中，我们介绍了一个坚固耐用的低功率多传感器节点，称为StoneNode，它被设计用于在落石诱导的现场实验中获取和记录准确的惯性传感器测量结果。该节点托管低功耗微电子机械系统传感器，具有高达1 kHz采样的高动态范围，并提供长达56小时的长电池寿命，使持续时间长达几个工作日的现场研究成为可能。在瑞士阿尔卑斯山地区的典型地形上，用几种不同形状的岩石进行了详尽的现场实验。这些实验包括100多个诱发测试，其中包括几次重撞击>；400 g。本文详细总结了这些结果，包括前所未有的落石轨迹现场数据和实验后验证，其中我们将模拟的落石沉积分布和运动轨迹与模拟模块校准后的现场测量结果进行了比较。我们的结果和现场获得的经验证实，StoneNode是一种可靠的、易于使用的设备，极大地促进了数据采集过程。此外，用校准的模拟工具获得的结果与实验显示出良好的定量和定性一致性，进一步重申了我们的方法论方法。
Rockfalls have over the last decades become a serious and frequent hazard, especially due to larger variations in precipitation and temperatures, destabilizing rocky slopes in mountainous regions. Hence, civil engineers are applying the latest simulation tools to perform risk assessments and plan mitigation strategies. These tools are based on various models with many parameters that should be calibrated and evaluated with real-world in-field measurement data. In this paper, we present a rugged low-power multisensor node termed StoneNode that has been designed to acquire and log accurate inertial sensor measurements during induced in-field experiments with falling rocks. The node hosts low-power microelectromechanical system sensors with high dynamic ranges sampled up to 1 kHz, and provides a long battery lifetime of up to 56 h, enabling long-lasting field studies with a duration of several working days. Exhaustive in-field experiments have been carried out with several differently shaped rocks on typical terrain in the Swiss alpine region. The experiments comprise more than 100 induced tests with several heavy impacts of >400 g. This paper gives a detailed summary of these results, including unprecedented in situ data of rockfall trajectories and postexperimental validation where we compare simulated rockfall deposition distributions and motion traces with in-field measurements after calibration of the simulation module. Our results and experience gained infield confirm that the StoneNode is a reliable easy-to-use device, which greatly facilitates the data acquisition process. Further, the results obtained with the calibrated simulation tool show good quantitative and qualitative congruence with the experiments, further reaffirming our methodological approach.