Diffusion of General Purpose Technologies: Understanding Patterns in the Electrification of US Manufacturing 1880-1930
Diffusion of General Purpose Technologies: Understanding Patterns in the Electrification of US Manufacturing 1880-1930
复制标题
通用技术的扩散：了解 1880-1930 年美国制造业电气化的模式
DOI：
10.1093/icc/dth068
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Brent D. Goldfarb
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brent D. Goldfarb
我考察了1880年至1930年间电动机的普及情况。我发现较长的滞后时间是由应用的技术难度决定的。解决方案出现后，电气化总体上进展迅速。为了证明这一点，我探讨了三个行业：城市交通、印刷和造纸。我确定了针对特定问题找到可行的电力解决方案的点，并检查了这些事件之前和之后的采用模式。这种解释与常见的需求方解释（例如昂贵的用户适应或信息传播）形成鲜明对比，并对标准供应方模型的应用施加了条件。在研究广泛定义的技术类别（例如通用技术）的扩散时，结果尤其重要。在许多创新的传播历史中，人们不禁会对传播过程的两个特征感到震惊：一方面是其明显的总体缓慢性，另一方面是不同发明的接受率存在巨大差异。 （罗森伯格，1972：191）版权所有 2005，牛津大学出版社。
I examine the diffusion of the electric motor between 1880 and 1930. I find that long lag times are determined by the degree of technical difficulty in application. After solutions became available, electrification generally proceeded rapidly. To make this claim, I explore three industries: urban transit, printing and paper making. I identify points at which viable electric solutions to particular problems were found and examine adoption patterns both before and after these events. The explanation contrasts with common demand-side explanations such as costly user-adaptation or information diffusion, and imposes conditions on the application of standard supply side models. The results are particularly important when examining the diffusion of broadly defined technological categories, such as general-purpose technologies. In the history of diffusion of many innovations, one cannot help being struck by two characteristics of the diffusion process: its apparent overall slowness on the one hand, and the wide variations in the rates of acceptance of different inventions, on the other. (Rosenberg, 1972: 191) Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.