Methadone--a reevaluation.
Methadone--a reevaluation.
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美沙酮——重新评估。
DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.1973.01750320112017
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发表时间：
1973
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. W. Carpenter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Martin;D. Jasinski;C. Haertzen;D. Kay;B. E. Jones;P. Mansky;R. W. Carpenter
盐酸美沙酮产生的主观变化类似于海洛因产生的变化，两者皮下注射时与吗啡的效力大致相同，口服时效力为吗啡的一半。长期服用美沙酮会产生镇静、嗜睡、性趣减退、活动减少、血液稀释和浮肿。即使患者每天接受和耐受100毫克，也会出现寻求药物的行为。口服剂量为100毫克的盐酸美沙酮产生的身体依赖与吗啡产生的身体依赖相似，只是戒断综合征的发病时间较慢。戒断综合症可能是中度或重度的，在性质上类似于吗啡戒断综合征。与吗啡依赖受试者一样，美沙酮依赖受试者的急性戒断综合征之后是长期戒断综合征。
Methadone hydrochloride produces subjective changes similar to those produced by heroin and is approximately equipotent to morphine when both are administered subcutaneously and one half as potent when administered orally. Chronically administered methadone produces sedation, lethargic apathy, reduction in sexual interest and activity, hemodilution, and edema. Even when patients were receiving and tolerant to 100 mg/day, drug-seeking behavior was seen. Methadone hydrochloride in dose level of 100 mg orally produces physical dependence similar to that produced by morphine, except that onset of the abstinence syndrome is slower. The abstinence syndrome may be of moderate or severe intensity and is qualitatively similar to morphine abstinence syndrome. As in morphine-dependent subjects, the acute abstinence syndrome of methadone-dependent subjects is followed by a protracted abstinence syndrome.