The northeast Indian passageway: A barrier or corridor for human migrations?
The northeast Indian passageway: A barrier or corridor for human migrations?
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msh151
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Stoneking, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cordaux, R;Weiss, G;Stoneking, M
连接印度次大陆和东亚/东南亚的印度东北通道被认为是人类迁徙的主要走廊。由于它也是一个重要的语言接触区，预计印度东北部已经见证了广泛的人口相互作用，从而导致群体内的遗传多样性和群体间的异质性。为了验证这一预测，我们分析了14个双等位基因和5个短串联重复Y染色体标记和高变区I mtDNA序列变异在192东北印度。我们发现，东北印度的Y染色体和mtDNA始终显示出惊人的高同质性群体和东亚群体的强烈亲和力。我们几乎没有检测到Y染色体和mtDNA东北和其他印度群体之间的混合物。东北印度群体的特征还在于Y染色体多样性大大减少，这与广泛的mtDNA多样性形成对比。这是最好的解释，男性创始人的影响，在印度东北部的殖民地，估计已经发生在过去的4,000年。因此，与预测相反，这些结果提供了强有力的证据，东北印度群体和其他印度群体之间的遗传不连续性。因此，我们的结论是，东北印度通道作为一个地理屏障，而不是作为一个走廊，人类迁移之间的印度次大陆和东亚/东南亚，至少在过去的几千年，并可能为数万年，所建议的印度和东亚的Y染色体和mtDNA基因库的整体独特性。
The northeast Indian passageway connecting the Indian subcontinent to East/Southeast Asia is thought to have been a major corridor for human migrations. Because it is also an important linguistic contact zone, it is predicted that northeast India has witnessed extensive population interactions, thus, leading to high genetic diversity within groups and heterogeneity among groups. To test this prediction, we analyzed 14 biallelic and five short tandem-repeat Y-chromosome markers and hypervariable region I mtDNA sequence variation in 192 northeast Indians. We find that both northeast Indian Y chromosomes and mtDNAs consistently show strikingly high homogeneity among groups and strong affinities to East Asian groups. We detect virtually no Y-chromosome and mtDNA admixture between northeast and other Indian groups. Northeast Indian groups are also characterized by a greatly reduced Y-chromosome diversity, which contrasts with extensive mtDNA diversity. This is best explained by a male founder effect during the colonization of northeast India that is estimated to have occurred within the past 4,000 years. Thus, contrary to the prediction, these results provide strong evidence for a genetic discontinuity between northeast Indian groups and other Indian groups. We, therefore, conclude that the northeast Indian passageway acted as a geographic barrier rather than as a corridor for human migrations between the Indian subcontinent and East/Southeast Asia, at least within the past millennia and possibly for several tens of thousand years, as suggested by the overall distinctiveness of the Indian and East Asian Y chromosome and mtDNA gene pools.