Adaptation to chronic hypoosmolality in rats.
Adaptation to chronic hypoosmolality in rats.
复制标题
大鼠对慢性低渗透压的适应。
DOI：
10.1038/ki.1988.188
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Drutarosky,MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Verbalis,JG;Drutarosky,MD
大鼠对慢性低渗透压的适应。本发明描述了一种维持大鼠慢性严重低渗的方法，该方法通过渗透微型泵以1或5 ng/hr的速率皮下输注抗利尿加压素类似物1-脱氨基-[8-D-精氨酸]加压素（DDAVP），并结合自身摄取浓缩的营养平衡的液体饮食。使用这些方法，97.3%的研究大鼠达到了稳定的严重低钠血症水平（血浆[Na+] = 111.6 ± 0.5 mEq/L，N = 213），持续时间范围为2 - 5周。死亡率较低（1.8%），在一系列研究中未观察到可观察到的发病率，包括4，628大鼠持续低渗透压日。摄食量和体重分析显示，在较低（1 ng/hr）DDAVP输注速率下的任何时间均无组织卡他汀证据，仅在较高（5 ng/hr）速率下的第一周内。在13天的持续低渗透压期间的代谢平衡研究证明了低渗透压的稀释性质，并且仅有限程度的肾逃避DDAVP的抗利尿作用（尿渗透压800至1200 mOsm/kg H2O）。脑水和电解质含量的研究表明，在持续低渗透压14至28天后，脑容量完全正常化，其中大部分（70%）可归因于脑电解质的损失。尿钠排泄和尿钾排泄均发生在低渗血症的前5天，其程度足以表明其他体液隔室也通过电解质损失发生了一定程度的适应。这些结果表明，只要适当注意其营养需求，大鼠具有耐受长期重度低渗的实质性能力，发病率和死亡率很低，并提供进一步证据表明，脑容量调节可能代表了尽管持续低渗仍能存活的主要适应机制。
Adaptation to chronic hypoosmolality in rats. A method for maintaining chronic severe hypoosmolality in rats is described utilizing subcutaneous infusions of the antidiuretic vasopressin analogue 1-deamino-[8-D-arginine] vasopressin (DDAVP) at rates of 1 or 5 ng/hr via osmotic minipumps in combination with self-ingestion of a concentrated, nutritionally-balanced liquid diet. Using these methods, 97.3% of all rats studied achieved stable levels of severe hyponatremia (plasma [Na+] = 111.6 ± 0.5 mEq/liter, N = 213), which was sustained for periods of time ranging from two to five weeks. Mortality was low (1.8%) and observable morbidity was not noted over a series of studies encompassing 4,628 rat days of sustained hypoosmolality. Analysis of food intake and body weight revealed no evidence of tissue catabolism at any time with the lower (1 ng/hr) DDAVP infusion rate, and only during the first week with the higher (5 ng/hr) rate. Metabolic balance studies during 13 days of sustained hypoosmolality demonstrated the dilutional nature of the hypoosmolality, and only a limited degree of renal escape from the antidiuretic effects of DDAVP (urine osmolalities 800 to 1200 mOsm/kg H20). Studies of brain water and electrolyte contents demonstrated complete normalization of brain volume after 14 to 28 days of sustained hypoosmolality, the major part of which (70%) could be accounted for by loss of brain electrolytes. Both natriuresis and kaliuresis occurred during the first five days of hypoosmolality, and were of sufficient magnitude to suggest some degree of adaptation of other body fluid compartments via electrolyte losses as well. These results indicate that rats have substantial capacity to tolerate prolonged severe hypoosmolality with little morbidity and mortality as long as proper attention is paid to their nutritional requirements, and provide further evidence that brain volume regulation likely represents the major adaptive mechanism that allows survival despite sustained hypoosmolality.