Impact of Foreign Worker Migration on Wage and Labor Market in Thailand
Impact of Foreign Worker Migration on Wage and Labor Market in Thailand
复制标题
外国工人移民对泰国工资和劳动力市场的影响
DOI：
10.4018/978-1-4666-7328-1.ch004
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Siriwan Saksiriruthai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Siriwan Saksiriruthai
本章重点介绍泰国的外劳移民，它对泰国的经济发展发挥了至关重要的作用。本章强调外国移民对泰国劳动力市场、泰国经济和经济发展可持续性的积极和消极影响，将外国移民工人分为合法和非法两类，并分析每种类型的移民工人对工资、劳动力市场、泰国经济、创新和可持续性的影响。通常获得泰国政府正式工作许可的外国技术工人以及资本和本土工人是补充，而通常来自邻国的非技术或低技能工人以及资本和本土工人是替代品。此外，在讨论长期移民与发展之前，还详细阐述了各外国移民群体对经济发展的影响和政府反应（反映在移民政策中）。外籍移民劳工的重要性 在过去的几十年里，与从农业向制造业基础经济转移相关的结构性变化是泰国经济和社会的典型特征。工业投资的发展造成了高技能和低技能劳动力的短缺。有时以跨国企业子公司形式组织的投资者通常从国外总部引进技术熟练的员工。员工中高技能、合法的外籍员工仅占少数。大多数从邻国（缅甸、老挝和柬埔寨）来到泰国的工人都被归类为非技术工人。来自这些国家的劳工选择在泰国工作，甚至是非法工作，因为泰国 Siriwan Saksiriruthai Suan Sunandha Rajabhat 大学
This chapter focuses on Thailand’s foreign labor migration, which has played a critical role in the economic development of Thailand. Emphasizing both positive and negative effects of foreign migration to the Thai labor market, Thailand economy, and sustainability in economic development, this chapter separates foreign migrant workers into two types, legal and illegal, and analyzes the impact of each type of migrant worker on wages, labor market, Thai economy, innovation, and sustainability. While foreign skilled laborers, who usually receive formal work permits from the Thai government, as well as capital and native workers are complements, the unskilled or low-skilled workers, usually from neighbor countries, as well as capital and native workers, are substitutes. Furthermore, the impact of each group of foreign migrants on economic development and government reactions (as reflected in migration policies) is also elaborated before discussion for migration and development in the long term. IMPORTANCE OF FOREIGN MIGRANT LABOR During few last decades structural changes related with movement from agriculture to manufacture base economy were typical for Thai economy and society. Development of industrial investments caused a labor shortage for both high-skilled and low-skilled laborers. Investors that sometimes were organized in the form of multinational enterprise’s subsidiaries usually imported the skillful staff from the head office abroad. There is only a small number of high-skilled and legal foreign staff among employees. Most workers coming to Thailand from neighbor countries (Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia) are categorized as unskilled. Laborers from those countries chose to work in Thailand, even illegally, because of Siriwan Saksiriruthai Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand