Quantification of immunohistochemistry - issues concerning methods, utility and semiquantitative assessment I
Quantification of immunohistochemistry - issues concerning methods, utility and semiquantitative assessment I
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02514.x
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Walker, R. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walker, R. A.
免疫组织化学不再是一种仅用于研究的技术，而是越来越多地用于诊断和评估治疗生物标志物。特别是后者，往往需要对其存在的程度进行半定量评价。有许多因素可能影响与该方法相关的结果：组织固定、抗原修复的持续时间和类型、抗体特异性、抗体稀释和检测系统。其他复杂性与评估有关。不同的评分系统用于相同或不同的抗原。用于评估组织是“阳性”还是“阴性”的截止水平对于相同的抗原可以变化。虽然有质量保证计划的方法，提高了标准的染色，有没有类似的计划，涉及到解释，虽然这里的错误可能会产生许多问题。自动化分析有所改进，但可用性有限，它仍然主要是一种研究工具。为了使免疫组化定量成为一种可靠和有信誉的工具，必须有易于使用，可重复，标准化的国际评估协议。改进自动化分析，扩大适用范围，可能导致标准化。
Immunohistochemistry is no longer a technique used only for research but is employed increasingly for diagnosis and for the assessment of therapeutic biomarkers. The latter, in particular, often require a semiquantitative evaluation of the extent of their presence. There are many factors that can affect this that relate to the method: fixation of tissue, duration and type of antigen retrieval, antibody specificity, antibody dilution and detection systems. Other complexities relate to assessment. Different scoring systems are used for either the same or different antigens. Cut-off levels for assessing whether a tissue is 'positive' or 'negative' can vary for the same antigen. Whilst there are quality assurance schemes for the methodology that have improved standards of staining, there are no similar schemes that relate to interpretation, although errors here can create as many problems. There have been improvements in automated analysis but availability is limited and it is still predominantly a research tool. In order for quantification of immunohistochemistry to be a reliable and reputable tool, there must be easy to use, reproducible, standardized protocols for assessment which are international. Improvements in automated analysis with wider applicability could lead to standardization.