An Assessment of Ecological Capital and Compensation for Yunnan Shilin World Heritage Site
An Assessment of Ecological Capital and Compensation for Yunnan Shilin World Heritage Site
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
L. Yuhui
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作者：
L. Yuhui
世界遗产是具有文化和自然双重意义的地方。它在历史、艺术、人类学、生态学、科学和保护方面都具有极其重要的意义。因此，协调世界遗产地的保护和当地居民的利益尤为重要。云南石林世界遗产地位于中国西南部的云南省，以其喀斯特地貌和景观而闻名。云南石林世界遗产地有5个村落，其缓冲区有30个村落。从1992年到2007年，石林世界遗产地的人口从4,180人增加到4,713人，增长率为8.50‰，而其缓冲区的人口从25271人增加到29053人，增长率为9.98‰。本文通过对1992年和2000年两景Landsat TM影像和2004年一景SPOT影像的解译，研究了石林世界遗产地及其缓冲区的景观变化。在此基础上，运用全球静态局部均衡模型对生态资本及其损失进行了评估，并对2000 - 2010年的生态资本补偿进行了评估。石林世界遗产地及其缓冲区。结果表明：1992 - 2007年，石林世界遗产地自然生态系统生态资本增加4711万元，年均增长1.23%，缓冲区自然生态系统生态资本减少10740万元，年均下降1.49%。1992 - 2007年石林世界遗产地每公顷自然生态系统的生态资本呈上升趋势，表明石林世界遗产地保护效果明显; 2）生态系统退化造成的生态资本损失减少1484万元，年均减少1.42%石林世界遗产地1992 - 2007年的旅游收入减少了5417万元，缓冲区的旅游收入以年均1.87%的速度减少。石林世界遗产地居民造成的生态资本损失增加904万元，年均增长2.33%。自2000年以来，石林世界遗产地生态系统退化和居民迁移导致的生态资本损失总额增加了131万元，年均增长率为0.21%;（3）石林世界遗产地旅游业的合理发展有利于生态补偿，因为它不仅可以增加居民的收入，提高人民的生活水平，为退化生态系统的恢复提供资金，最终达到增加自然生态系统资本，促进生态系统可持续发展的目的。区域可持续发展。
World Heritage Site is the place of both cultural and physical significance. It is of utmost importance in history, art, anthropology, ecology, science and protection. As a result, it is particularly critical to coordinate the protection of the World Heritage Sites and the interests of local residents. Yunnan Shilin World Heritage Site, located in Yunnan Province of southwest China, is particularly noted by its karst features and landscapes. There are 5 villages in Yunnan Shilin World Heritage Site and 30 villages in its buffer zone. From the year 1992 to 2007, the population of Shilin World Heritage Site increased from 4,180 to 4,713 at an increasing rate of 8.50‰ whereas the population in its buffer zone increased from 25, 271 to 29, 053 at an increasing rate of 9.98‰. The paper examined changes in the landscape of Shilin World Heritage Site and its buffer zone through the interpretation of two scenes of Landsat TM images acquired in the year 1992 and 2000 respectively, and one scene of SPOT image acquired in 2004, then assessed ecological capital and losses of ecological capital based on the global static partial equilibrium model and evaluated the ecological capital compensation in Shilin World Heritage Site and its buffer zone. The results showed that: 1) ecological capital of natural ecosystems of Shilin World Heritage Site increased by 47.11 million yuan at a mean annual rate of 1.23% from 1992 to 2007 while ecological capital of natural ecosystems of its buffer zone decreased by 107.40 million yuan at a mean annual rate of 1.49% in the same period. Ecological capital of natural ecosystems per hectare of Shilin World Heritage Site showed an increasing trend from 1992 to 2007, which showed the evidence that the effects of protection of Shilin World Heritage Site were obvious; 2) Loss of ecological capital resulting from degraded ecosystems decreased by 14.84 million yuan at an mean annual rate of 1.42% from 1992 to 2007 in Shilin World Heritage Site while decreased by 54.17 million yuan at an mean annual rate of 1.87% in its buffer zone. Loss of ecological capital caused by the residents in Shilin World Heritage Site increased 9.04 million yuan at a mean annual rate of 2.33%. The total loss of ecological capital induced by both the degraded ecosystems and the residents in Shilin World Heritage Site increased by 1.31 million yuan at a mean annual rate of 0.21% since the year 2000; 3) Proper development of tourism in Shilin World Heritage Site would be conducive to ecological compensation, because it can not only increase the incomes of residents and improve the living standards of people, also it can provide funds for restoration of the degraded ecosystems and ultimately achieve the goals of increasing natural ecosystems capital and promoting regional sustainable development.