Aptamers: an emerging class of molecules that rival antibodies in diagnostics.
Aptamers: an emerging class of molecules that rival antibodies in diagnostics.
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DOI：
10.1093/clinchem/45.9.1628
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发表时间：
1999-09
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
S. Jayasena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Jayasena
抗体是最受欢迎的一类分子，为广泛的应用提供分子识别需求，已经存在了三十多年。因此，抗体对诊断测定的进步做出了重大贡献，并且在当今临床常规使用的大多数诊断测试中变得不可或缺。然而，通过指数富集（SELEX）过程的配体系统进化的发展使得分离具有以高亲和力和特异性识别几乎任何类别的靶分子的能力的寡核苷酸序列成为可能。这些寡核苷酸序列，称为“适体”，开始作为一类在治疗和诊断应用中与抗体竞争的分子出现。适体与抗体不同，但它们在各种诊断形式中模拟抗体的特性。对诊断分析以帮助管理现有和新出现的疾病的需求正在增加，并且适体可以潜在地满足这些分析中的分子识别需求。与领头羊抗体技术相比，适体的研究还处于起步阶段，但进展很快。适体的潜力可能在不久的将来以市场上基于适体的诊断产品的形式实现。在这些产品中，适体可以与抗体结合或代替抗体发挥关键作用。现有的诊断形式也可能根据更好地利用适体的独特性质的需要而改变。
Antibodies, the most popular class of molecules providing molecular recognition needs for a wide range of applications, have been around for more than three decades. As a result, antibodies have made substantial contributions toward the advancement of diagnostic assays and have become indispensable in most diagnostic tests that are used routinely in clinics today. The development of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process, however, made possible the isolation of oligonucleotide sequences with the capacity to recognize virtually any class of target molecules with high affinity and specificity. These oligonucleotide sequences, referred to as "aptamers", are beginning to emerge as a class of molecules that rival antibodies in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Aptamers are different from antibodies, yet they mimic properties of antibodies in a variety of diagnostic formats. The demand for diagnostic assays to assist in the management of existing and emerging diseases is increasing, and aptamers could potentially fulfill molecular recognition needs in those assays. Compared with the bellwether antibody technology, aptamer research is still in its infancy, but it is progressing at a fast pace. The potential of aptamers may be realized in the near future in the form of aptamer-based diagnostic products in the market. In such products, aptamers may play a key role either in conjunction with, or in place of, antibodies. It is also likely that existing diagnostic formats may change according to the need to better harness the unique properties of aptamers.