Health care systems in transition III. Bangladesh, Part I. An overview of the health care system in Bangladesh.
Health care systems in transition III. Bangladesh, Part I. An overview of the health care system in Bangladesh.
复制标题
转型中的卫生保健系统 III．
DOI：
10.1093/pubmed/22.1.5
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Buse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Vaughan;E. Karim;K. Buse
虽然与许多其他发展中区域相比，亚洲采取经济结构调整和保健部门改革是较新的现象，但人们对这些政策对亚洲穷人的影响表示了相当大的关注。在孟加拉国，世界银行和其他捐助机构的影响也引起了许多关于国际援助界在发展中国家的作用的问题。孟加拉国是发展中国家中人口最稠密和最贫穷的国家之一。估计人口超过1.2亿，预计在人口增长稳定之前将翻一番，达到2.5亿左右。虽然孟加拉国仍处于人口和流行病转型的早期阶段，但政府在规划和实施广泛的卫生和人口服务方面面临着重大问题。目前人均国民生产总值为260美元。首都达卡发展迅速，目前约有20%的总人口居住在城市地区。国内生产总值的近40%来自农业，大米、黄麻、茶叶和鱼类是重要商品。制造业部门，特别是成衣业，最近有了大幅度增长，这导致农村到城市就业的移民大量增加，特别是年轻妇女。在印度独立之前，孟加拉国的大部分地区都在东孟加拉省，但从1947年到1971年，该国被称为东巴基斯坦。孟加拉国在1971年解放战争后成为一个独立的国家，最近庆祝了它的25周年。今天的孟加拉国占据了恒河三角洲地区的大部分地区，虽然大部分被印度包围，但它也与缅甸接壤。该国每年都会发生河流洪水，有时会非常严重，并遭受从孟加拉湾到南部的气旋袭击。虽然从1975年到1990年有很长一段军事统治时期，但1991年初举行了民主议会选举，尽管发生了相当大的政治动荡，但自那时以来，文官政府一直统治着该国。上一次大选于1996年6月举行。85%的人口信仰伊斯兰教，其余15%的人口信奉印度教、基督教和佛教。
Although the adoption of economic structural adjustment and health sector reforms have been a more recent phenomenon in Asia compared with many other developing regions, considerable concern has been raised about the impact of these policies on the poor in Asia. In Bangladesh, the influence of the World Bank and other donor agencies has also raised many questions about the role of the international aid community in the developing world. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated and poorest countries in the developing world. The population, which is estimated to be over 120 million, is projected to double to around 250 million before demographic growth stabilizes. Although Bangladesh is still in the early stages of both the demographic and epidemiological transitions, the government faces major issues concerning its capacity to plan and implement a broad range of both health and population services. The present GNP per capita is US$260. The capital city of Dhaka has grown rapidly and about 20 per cent of the total population now lives in urban areas. Nearly 40 per cent of the GDP comes from agriculture, with rice, jute, tea and fish being important commodities. The manufacturing sector has recently grown substantially, particularly the ready-made garment industry, which has resulted in a large rise in rural to urban migration for employment, especially by young women. Before the partition of India at independence, most of present-day Bangladesh was within the province of East Bengal, but from 1947 until 1971 the country was known as East Pakistan. Bangladesh became an independent country in 1971 following a war of liberation, and it recently celebrated its 25th anniversary. Present-day Bangladesh occupies large parts of the Ganges river delta area and, although surrounded on most sides by India, it also shares a border with Myanmar. The country is subject to annual river flooding, which on occasions can be very severe, and to cyclones from the Bay of Bengal to the south. Although there have been long periods of military rule from 1975 to 1990, democratic parliamentary elections were held in early 1991 and, despite episodes of considerable political unrest, civilian governments have ruled the country since then. The last general election was held in June 1996. Islam is the faith of 85 per cent of the population, with Hindus, Christians and Buddhists making up most of the remaining 15 per cent.