INTERACTIONS OF ALLELOCHEMICALS WITH DIETARY CONSTITUENTS - EFFECTS ON DETERRENCY
INTERACTIONS OF ALLELOCHEMICALS WITH DIETARY CONSTITUENTS - EFFECTS ON DETERRENCY
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3032.1994.tb01040.x
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发表时间：
1994-09-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
SLANSKY, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GLENDINNING, JI;SLANSKY, F
植物组织中水分和养分含量的变化会影响化感物质对昆虫的毒性，这一点已得到充分证实。 然而，很少有人知道这些膳食成分如何影响化感物质的去污力。 在脊椎动物中，特定化感物质的清除率随膳食水分的增加而增加，随膳食营养素的增加而减少。 我们通过一个实验设计确定这些发现是否与植食性昆虫有关，该实验设计允许我们通过使用一种非营养纤维素纤维，在人工饲料中独立地改变水的含量（70-90%新鲜质量，fm，营养水平为10%fm）和营养物质（10- 30%fm，水水平为70%或80%fm）。 通过比较寡食性的黎豆夜蛾和多食性的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的取食反应，我们研究了这些饲料操作对化感物质抑制作用的影响。Smith），在两个连续的无选择测试中，控制饮食和化感化学处理的饮食。 这些试验仅限于3分钟，以尽量减少摄食后影响。 从最初测试的12种化合物中，除了两种之外，所有化合物都被排除，原因如下：（i）在小于或等于1%fm时不能引起中等水平的去污剂（即合欢苷、苦杏仁苷、大麦碱、哇巴因、哌啶酸、水杨苷、sinigrin和伞形酮）;（ii）明显快速的毒性作用（酒石酸氢烟碱）;和（iii）吸附到可降低去污力的盐酸奎宁上。 咖啡因和亚麻苦苷的determinance增加与饮食水，但不受营养含量为两个物种。 生物碱和生氰糖苷，有两个物种的食性差异很大，类似的结果表明，膳食水可能会影响防御功效的范围更广的威慑化感物质的各种植物取食昆虫。
That variation in the water and nutrient content of plant tissues affects allelochemical toxicity to insects is well established. However, little is known about how these dietary constituents influence allelochemical deterrency. In vertebrates, deterrency of particular allelochemicals increases with dietary water, and decreases with an increase in dietary nutrients. We determined if these findings were relevant to phytophagous insects through an experimental design that allowed us to vary independently the content of water (70-90% fresh mass, fm, with nutrient level at 10% fm) and nutrients (10-30% fm with water level at 70% or 80% fm) in an artificial diet through use of alphacel, a non-nutritive cellulose fibre. We examined the effect of these dietary manipulations on allelochemical deterrency by comparing larval feeding responses of two noctuid species, the oligophagous Anticarsia gemmatalis Huebner and the polyphagous Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), to a control diet and an allelochemical-treated diet in two consecutive, no-choice tests. These tests were restricted to 3 min to minimize post-ingestive influences. From an initial twelve compounds tested, all but two were excluded for the following reasons: (i) failure to elicit an intermediate level of deterrency at less-than-or-equal-to 1% fm (i.e. albizziin, amygdalin, hordenine, ouabain, pipecolic acid, salicin, sinigrin and umbelliferone); (ii) an apparently rapid toxic effect (nicotine hydrogen tartrate); and (iii) adsorption to alphacel (quinine hydrochloride), which may have reduced deterrency. The deterrency of caffeine and linamarin increased with dietary water but was unaffected by nutrient content for both species. The similar results for an alkaloid and a cyanogenic glycoside, with two species differing considerably in feeding habits, suggest that dietary water is likely to influence the defensive efficacy of a broader range of deterrent allelochemicals to a variety of plant-feeding insects.