Instruction-Set Accelerated Implementation of CRYSTALS-Kyber
Instruction-Set Accelerated Implementation of CRYSTALS-Kyber
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DOI：
10.1109/tcsi.2021.3106639
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发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mojtaba Bisheh-Niasar;R. Azarderakhsh;Mehran Mozaffari-Kermani
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文献类型：
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作者：
Mojtaba Bisheh-Niasar;R. Azarderakhsh;Mehran Mozaffari-Kermani
大规模量子计算机将通过肖尔算法等量子算法打破经典的公钥密码协议。因此，设计量子安全密码系统来取代当前的经典算法至关重要。幸运的是，有一些后量子候选者被认为能够抵抗未来量子计算机的攻击，并且 NIST 正在考虑对它们进行标准化。在这些候选者中，由于性能结果以及对安全性的信心，基于格的密码学听起来比其他密码学更有趣。文献中评估基于格的密码学在硬件中的性能的著作很少。在本文中，我们重点关注称为 Kyber 的代数格加密套件 (CRYSTALS) 密钥交换机制，并提供指令集硬件架构并在 Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA 上实现以进行性能评估和测试。我们提出的架构提供了一组高效且高性能的组件来执行多项式采样、数论变换（NTT）和逐点乘法，以加速基于格的后量子密码学（PQC）。这种在 ASIC 上实现的架构优于最先进的实现。
Large scale quantum computers will break classical public-key cryptography protocols by quantum algorithms such as Shor’s algorithm. Hence, designing quantum-safe cryptosystems to replace current classical algorithms is crucial. Luckily there are some post-quantum candidates that are assumed to be resistant against future attacks from quantum computers, and NIST is considering standardizing them. Among these candidates, lattice-based cryptography sounds more interesting than others due to the performance results as well as confidence in the security. There are few works in the literature evaluating the performance of lattice-based cryptography in hardware. In this paper, we focus on Cryptographic Suite for Algebraic Lattices (CRYSTALS) key exchange mechanisms known as Kyber and provide an instruction-set hardware architecture and implement on Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA for performance evaluation and testing. Our proposed architecture provides an efficient and high-performance set of components to perform polynomial sampling, number-theoretic transform (NTT), and point-wise multiplication to speed up lattice-based post-quantum cryptography (PQC). This architecture implemented on ASIC outperforms state-of-the-art implementations.