Age-related changes in urinary testosterone levels suggest differences in puberty onset and divergent life history strategies in bonobos and chimpanzees
Age-related changes in urinary testosterone levels suggest differences in puberty onset and divergent life history strategies in bonobos and chimpanzees
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.07.011
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Hohmann, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Behringer, V.;Deschner, T.;Hohmann, G.
对年龄相关的形态学、社会行为和认知变化的研究表明，倭黑猩猩（Pan paniscus）的发育比黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）要晚。然而，也有证据表明倭黑猩猩的生殖成熟较早。由于生殖成熟等发育变化是由许多内分泌过程引起的，因此激素水平的变化是不同发育阶段的指标。睾酮分泌的睾酮相关变化是人类和非人类灵长类动物青春期开始的间接标志。在这项研究中，我们调查了男性和女性倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩尿睾酮水平的模式，以确定青春期的开始。与其他研究相比，我们发现这两个物种的尿液睾酮水平都经历了与年龄相关的变化。老年人的男性和女性的尿睾酮水平明显高于年轻人，这表明倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩经历了青春期停顿。这两个物种的雄性在尿睾酮水平上表现出类似的与年龄相关的变化模式，在八岁左右水平急剧增加。这表明，在侵略性和雄性配偶竞争的物种差异进化独立的睾丸激素水平的发展变化。女性表现出与年龄相关的尿睾酮增加的相似模式。然而，雌性倭黑猩猩的发病时间比雌性黑猩猩早大约三年。雌性倭黑猩猩尿中睾酮水平的早期上升与它们更年轻的传播年龄的报道一致，并表明雌性倭黑猩猩比雌性黑猩猩更年轻地经历青春期。(C)2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Research on age-related changes in morphology, social behavior, and cognition suggests that the development of bonobos (Pan paniscus) is delayed in comparison to chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). However, there is also evidence for earlier reproductive maturation in bonobos. Since developmental changes such as reproductive maturation are induced by a number of endocrine processes, changes in hormone levels are indicators of different developmental stages. Age-related changes in testosterone excretion are an indirect marker for the onset of puberty in human and non-human primates. In this study we investigated patterns of urinary testosterone levels in male and female bonobos and chimpanzees to determine the onset of puberty. In contrast to other studies, we found that both species experience age-related changes in urinary testosterone levels. Older individuals of both sexes had significantly higher urinary testosterone levels than younger individuals, indicating that bonobos and chimpanzees experience juvenile pause. The males of both species showed a similar pattern of age-related changes in urinary testosterone levels, with a sharp increase in levels around the age of eight years. This suggests that species-differences in aggression and male mate competition evolved independently of developmental changes in testosterone levels. Females showed a similar pattern of age-related urinary testosterone increase. However, in female bonobos the onset was about three years earlier than in female chimpanzees. The earlier rise of urinary testosterone levels in female bonobos is in line with reports of their younger age of dispersal, and suggests that female bonobos experience puberty at a younger age than female chimpanzees. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.