Nutrition and cancer: physiological interrelationships.
Nutrition and cancer: physiological interrelationships.
复制标题
营养与癌症：生理相互关系。
作者：
J. Eys
有许多肿瘤具有副肿瘤综合征。此外，某些肿瘤的位置可能会对宿主产生非常特异性的影响，特别是下丘脑，肠道或肝脏中的肿瘤。最后，免疫系统的肿瘤可能会产生重大的远期后果。然而，从直接的实验证据，从模型系统，并从利用营养操纵在治疗癌症，数据非常强烈地表明，没有独特的癌症营养不良。早期诊断的癌症并不表现出营养不良作为一种表现症状。此外，所有的代谢紊乱都可以根据肿瘤细胞和正常细胞的代谢差异来解释，并且通常与肿瘤的体积成比例。与恶性肿瘤相关的恶病质更可能是癌症患者的恶病质，而不是特定的癌症恶病质，除非肿瘤负荷非常大。这一点在对俄罗斯近1500名癌症患者恶病质原因的简短回顾中明确提出（145）。布伦南还认为，大多数营养不良的病例都是简单的饥饿，癌症恶病质具有许多在重大损伤或败血症中看到的特征（16）。这种区别在癌症患者的管理中具有重大意义。
There are many tumors that have paraneoplastic syndromes. Furthermore, location of certain tumors can result in very specific effects on the host, especially tumors in the hypothalamus, the intestinal tract, or the liver. Finally, tumors of the immune system can have significant distant consequences. However, from direct experimental evidence, from model systems, and from the utilization of nutritional manipulation in the treatment of cancer, the data suggest very strongly that there is no unique cancer malnutrition. Early diagnosed cancer does not show malnutrition as a presenting symptom. Furthermore, all metabolic disturbances can be explained on the basis of the metabolic differences of tumor cells and normal cells and are very frequently proportional to the bulk of the tumor. The cachexia that is associated with malignancies is more likely cachexia in cancer patients than it is a specific cancer cachexia, unless the tumor burden is very large. This point was clearly made in a short review of the causes of cachexia in nearly 1500 cancer patients in Russia (145). Brennan also feels that most cases of malnutrition are uncomplicated starvation, and cancer cachexia has many features seen in major injury or sepsis (16). This distinction has great implications in the management of cancer patients.