Aquaporins: important but elusive drug targets.

Aquaporins: important but elusive drug targets.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrd4226
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发表时间:
2014-04
期刊:
Nature reviews. Drug discovery
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其他
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水通道蛋白(Aquaporins,AQPs)是一个小的、完整的膜蛋白家族,它能促进水在细胞质膜上的运输,以响应渗透梯度。来自基因敲除小鼠的数据支持AQP参与上皮液分泌、细胞迁移、脑水肿和脂肪细胞代谢,这表明AQP功能或表达的调节可能在水肿病、癌症、肥胖、脑损伤、青光眼和其他几种疾病中具有治疗潜力。此外,人类AQP功能缺失突变导致先天性白内障(AQP0)和肾源性尿崩症(AQP2),抗AQP4自身抗体导致自身免疫性脱髓鞘疾病视神经脊髓炎。尽管已经确定了一些潜在的水通道蛋白调节剂,但与开发更好的调节剂相关的挑战包括靶标的可药性和用于识别调节剂的检测方法的适用性。
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small, integral membrane proteins that facilitate water transport across the plasma membranes of cells in response to osmotic gradients. Data from knockout mice support the involvement of AQPs in epithelial fluid secretion, cell migration, brain oedema and adipocyte metabolism, which suggests that modulation of AQP function or expression could have therapeutic potential in oedema, cancer, obesity, brain injury, glaucoma and several other conditions. Moreover, loss-of-function mutations in human AQPs cause congenital cataracts (AQP0) and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (AQP2), and autoantibodies against AQP4 cause the autoimmune demyelinating disease neuromyelitis optica. Although some potential AQP modulators have been identified, challenges associated with the development of better modulators include the druggability of the target and the suitability of the assay methods used to identify modulators.
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