Care in the emergency department: How crowded is overcrowded?
Care in the emergency department: How crowded is overcrowded?
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DOI:
10.1197/j.aem.2004.07.004
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发表时间:
2004-10-01
影响因子:
4.4
通讯作者:
Concato, J
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hwang, U;Concato, J
Objectives: To examine how emergency department (ED) overcrowding has been defined in the medical literature.Methods: Using the National Library of Medicine's PubMed and MEDLINE databases (1966 to 2002), a comprehensive review of the English-language medical literature was conducted to identify explicit criteria for defining ED overcrowding. Inclusion criteria were original articles, editorials, and reviews; news articles and letters to the editor were excluded. Using a standardized extraction form, publications were described as primary if the title or an objective statement in the introductory or methods paragraph referred to crowding or overcrowding; all other citations were categorized as secondary. Each report was then evaluated to determine whether crowding or over-crowding, was defined explicitly or implicitly. Explicit definitions included phrases such as "Crowding was defined as... " or "Overcrowding occurred when... "; other definitions were characterized as implicit.Results: A total of 231 candidate articles were identified; 91 met inclusion criteria, and 53 (58%) were primary articles about ED crowding or overcrowding. Among these primary articles, 23 (43%) had explicit definitions of crowding or overcrowding. The definitions varied widely in content and focus, including ED, hospital, or external (nonhospital) factors.Conclusions: Although ED overcrowding has been a topic of frequent investigation, current definitions of the problem are often implicit or focus on factors outside of the ED itself. A more consistent approach to defining ED overcrowding would help to clarify the distinctions between causes, characteristics, and outcomes of overcrowding.