Impact of reservoirs on river discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century
Impact of reservoirs on river discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century
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DOI：
10.1029/2009wr008929
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发表时间：
2011-03-05
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Gerten, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biemans, H.;Haddeland, I.;Gerten, D.
本文提出了一个定量估计的影响，水库的排放和灌溉供水在世纪在全球，大陆和流域尺度。与自然情况相比，水库运行和灌溉抽水的综合效应降低了向海洋的年平均排放量，并显着改变了排放的时间。例如，在欧洲，5月份的排放量减少了10%，而2月份则增加了8%。在20世纪末，水库运行和灌溉抽水使全球年排放量减少了约2.1%（930 km（3）yr（-1））。模拟结果表明，在许多地区，水库对灌溉供水的贡献显着。严重依赖水库水的流域包括美国的科罗拉多河和哥伦比亚河流域以及印度、中国和中亚的几个大型流域（例如。例如，在一个实施例中，在Krishna和黄河流域，水库使地表水供应量增加了一倍多）。获得最多的大陆是北美、非洲和亚洲，在1981-2000年期间，水库分别提供了57、22和360 km（3）yr（-1），这在所有情况下都比没有水库的情况下的可用性高出40%。在全球范围内，水库的灌溉供水量从世纪初的约18 km（3）yr（-1）（增加地表水供应量的5%）增加到20世纪末的460 km（3）yr（-1）（增加地表水供应量的近40%）。分析是使用一个新开发的和验证的水库运行方案内的全球尺度水文和植被模型（LPJmL）。
This paper presents a quantitative estimation of the impact of reservoirs on discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century at global, continental, and river basin scale. Compared to a natural situation the combined effect of reservoir operation and irrigation extractions decreased mean annual discharge to oceans and significantly changed the timing of this discharge. For example, in Europe, May discharge decreased by 10%, while in February it increased by 8%. At the end of the 20th century, reservoir operations and irrigation extractions decreased annual global discharge by about 2.1% (930 km(3) yr(-1)). Simulation results show that reservoirs contribute significantly to irrigation water supply in many regions. Basins that rely heavily on reservoir water are the Colorado and Columbia River basins in the United States and several large basins in India, China, and central Asia (e. g., in the Krishna and Huang He basins, reservoirs more than doubled surface water supply). Continents gaining the most are North America, Africa, and Asia, where reservoirs supplied 57, 22, and 360 km(3) yr(-1) respectively between 1981-2000, which is in all cases 40% more than the availability in the situation without reservoirs. Globally, the irrigation water supply from reservoirs increased from around 18 km(3) yr(-1) (adding 5% to surface water supply) at the beginning of the 20th century to 460 km(3) yr(-1) (adding almost 40% to surface water supply) at the end of the 20th century. The analysis is performed using a newly developed and validated reservoir operation scheme within a global-scale hydrology and vegetation model (LPJmL).