Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa
Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa
复制标题
DOI：
10.1162/rest_a_00161
复制
发表时间：
2007-04
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Nathan Nunn;D. Puga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nathan Nunn;D. Puga
本文通过对历史的影响表明，地理可以对今天的经济发展产生重要影响。分析的重点是坚固性和非洲奴隶贸易之间的历史相互作用。虽然崎岖的地形阻碍了贸易和大多数生产活动，对全球收入产生了负面影响，但非洲境内崎岖的地形为奴隶贸易期间遭到袭击的人提供了保护。由于奴隶贸易阻碍了随后的经济发展，非洲内部的崎岖不平也对收入产生了历史性的间接积极影响。研究了世界上所有国家，我们估计了崎岖不平对非洲收入的不同影响。我们表明，粗犷程度的差异效应在统计上是显著的，在经济上是有意义的，它只在非洲发现，它不能用非洲独特的地理环境等其他因素来解释，而且它完全被奴隶贸易的历史所解释。
Abstract We show that geography, through its impact on history, can have important effects on economic development today. The analysis focuses on the historic interaction between ruggedness and Africa's slave trades. Although rugged terrain hinders trade and most productive activities, negatively affecting income globally, rugged terrain within Africa afforded protection to those being raided during the slave trades. Since the slave trades retarded subsequent economic development, ruggedness within Africa has also had a historic indirect positive effect on income. Studying all countries worldwide, we estimate the differential effect of ruggedness on income for Africa. We show that the differential effect of ruggedness is statistically significant and economically meaningful, it is found in Africa only, it cannot be explained by other factors like Africa's unique geographic environment, and it is fully accounted for by the history of the slave trades.