The Human Dimension of Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas: Recent Social Science Research and Its Policy Implications
The Human Dimension of Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas: Recent Social Science Research and Its Policy Implications
复制标题
珊瑚礁海洋保护区的人文维度：最新社会科学研究及其政策含义
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Michael B. Mascia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michael B. Mascia
珊瑚礁为全世界数百万人提供生态系统的货物和服务（塞萨尔等人，1997年; Costanza等人，1997年）。然而，这些生态系统利益的长期可持续性受到珊瑚礁资源的直接过度开发、破坏性捕鱼做法、空气和水污染以及气候变化的威胁（威尔金森，2000年）。传统的管理珊瑚礁的努力-逐个物种、逐个部门-已证明不足以确保资源的可持续性或保护生物多样性免受这些威胁，这促使人们呼吁采取面向生态系统的方法（Botsford等人，1997年; Cicin-Sain & Knecht，1998年;国家研究理事会，1999年，2001年）。海洋保护区（MPAs）是珊瑚礁管理的生态系统方法的核心，这是一系列空间明确的海洋管理系统，包括水下公园，渔业保护区和野生动物保护区（国家研究理事会1999，2001）。珊瑚礁海洋保护区尚未充分发挥其潜力。尽管近年来珊瑚礁海洋保护区的数量迅速增长，但其表现仍然存在很大的差异（Kelleher等人，1995年; Halpern出版; M. G.帕哈罗角M. Nozawa，M. N. Lavides和S.古铁雷斯2000.菲律宾海洋保护区的现状：更好地管理热带珊瑚礁和沿海地区。在第九届ICRS上提交的论文[以下简称Pajaro等人，2000年]。研究表明，社会因素，而不是生物或物理变量，是MPA成功或失败的主要决定因素（Kelleher & Recchia 1998; McClanahan 1999）。然而，由于缺乏对海洋保护区开发和管理中人的因素的社会科学研究，设计更有效的珊瑚礁海洋保护区的努力受到阻碍。在第九届国际珊瑚礁专题讨论会（ICRS; 2000年，印度尼西亚巴厘岛）期间提出的社会科学研究为珊瑚礁海洋保护区的人类因素提供了宝贵的见解。在这里，我综合了ICRS提供的社会科学MPA研究结果，并提出了这些研究结果对珊瑚礁MPA政策的几个影响。
Coral reefs provide ecosystem goods and services to millions of people around the world (Cesar et al. 1997; Costanza et al. 1997). The long-term sustainability of these ecosystem benefits is threatened, however, by direct overexploitation of coral reef resources, destructive fishing practices, air and water pollution, and climate change (Wilkinson 2000). Traditional efforts to manage coral reefs—species by species, sector by sector—have proven insufficient to ensure resource sustainability or to protect biodiversity against these threats, spurring calls for an ecosystem-oriented approach (Botsford et al. 1997; Cicin-Sain & Knecht 1998; National Research Council 1999, 2001 ). Central to this ecosystem approach to coral reef management are marine protected areas (MPAs), a family of spatially explicit marine management systems that includes underwater parks, fishery reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries (National Research Council 1999, 2001). Coral reef MPAs have yet to realize their full potential. Although the number of coral reef MPAs has grown rapidly in recent years, their performance remains highly variable (Kelleher et al. 1995; Halpern in press; M. G. Pajaro, C. M. Nozawa, M. N. Lavides, and S. Gutierrez. 2000. Status of marine protected areas in the Philippines: better management of coral reefs and coastal areas in the tropics. Paper presented at the 9th ICRS [hereafter referred to as Pajaro et al. 2000].). Research suggests that social factors, not biological or physical variables, are the primary determinants of MPA success or failure (Kelleher & Recchia 1998; McClanahan 1999). Efforts to design more effective coral reef MPAs are hindered, however, by the dearth of social scientific research into the human dimensions of MPA development and management. Social science research presented during the ninth International Coral Reef Symposium (ICRS; in Bali, Indonesia, 2000) provides valuable insights into the human dimensions of coral reef MPAs. Here I synthesize findings from social science MPA research delivered at the ICRS and suggest several implications of these findings for coral reef MPA policy.