Innovation regimes based on collaborative and global tinkering: Synthetic biology and nanotechnology in the hackerspaces
Innovation regimes based on collaborative and global tinkering: Synthetic biology and nanotechnology in the hackerspaces
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DOI：
10.1016/j.techsoc.2013.07.004
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Kera, Denisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kera, Denisa
通常，纳米技术和合成生物学是根据实验室创造的新型生命形式和材料来讨论的，或者通过它们发起的技术（ICT 和生物协议）和科学范式（工程和生物学）的新颖融合来讨论。同样鼓舞人心的是他们围绕新兴科学创建新颖的机构和全球社区的能力，从而彻底改变了公众参与和道德审议的形式。我们开始见证合成生物学（DIYbio 运动）的替代方案（iGEM 竞赛）和几乎地下的研发活动，这激发了纳米技术项目中新兴的自下而上的参与，例如斯洛文尼亚的 NanoSmanoLab。这些自下而上的参与使用修补和设计作为研究和公众参与的模型。他们使科学民主化并发起一种草根“科学外交”，支持发展中国家的研究。我们将讨论几个最近的例子，这些例子展示了这些新颖的网络（来自哥本哈根黑客空间 Labitat.dk 的 Rudiger Trojok 的“基因枪”项目、来自加州桑尼维尔 Biocurious 生物技术黑客空间的 Patrik D'haeseleer 的“生物发光项目”，以及 Hackteria.org 成员的“现实世界的生物设计”项目）。他们都使用设计原型来实现协作和全球修补，其中科学和社区在开放生物学实验室和 DIYbio 黑客空间（例如 Hackteria.org 或 Biocurious）中聚集在一起。在这些项目中，研究协议涵盖了更广泛的创新、社会和道德规范。黑客空间代表了一个独特的机会，可以制定更具包容性、实验性和参与性的政策，支持公众和全球参与新兴科学领域。 (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Typically nanotechnology and synthetic biology are discussed in terms of novel life forms and materials created in laboratories, or by novel convergences of technologies (ICTs and biological protocols) and science paradigms (engineering and biology) they initiated. Equally inspiring is their ability to generate novel institutions and global communities around emergent sciences, which radicalize the forms of public engagement and ethical deliberation. We are starting to witness alternative (iGEM competitions) and almost underground R&D engagements with Synthetic Biology (DIYbio movement), which inspired the emerging bottom-up involvements in nanotechnologies in projects, such as the NanoSmanoLab in Slovenia. These bottom-up involvements use tinkering and design as models for both research and public engagement. They democratize science and initiate a type of grassroots "science diplomacy", supporting research in developing countries. We will discuss several recent examples, which demonstrate these novel networks ("Gene gun" project by Rudiger Trojok from the Copenhagen based hackerspace, Labitat.dk, the "Bioluminescence Project" by Patrik D'haeseleer from Biocurious biotech hackerspace in Sunnyvale, CA, and the "Biodesign for the real world" project by members of the Hackteria.org). They all use design prototypes to enable collaborative and global tinkering, in which science and community are brought together in open biology laboratories and DIYbio hackerspaces, such as Hackteria.org or Biocurious. In these projects research protocols encompass broader innovative, social and ethical norms. Hackerspaces represent a unique opportunity for a more inclusive, experimental, and participatory policy that supports both public and global involvements in emergent scientific fields. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.