Combined effects of night warming and light pollution on predator-prey interactions
Combined effects of night warming and light pollution on predator-prey interactions
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.1195
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发表时间：
2017-10-11
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Ives, Anthony R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Miller, Colleen R.;Barton, Brandon T.;Ives, Anthony R.
多种人为环境变化之间的相互作用可以驱动生态系统中的非加性效应，而非加性效应又可以被环境变化之间的空间协变所放大或抑制。我们研究了夜间变暖和光污染对豌豆蚜虫和两种捕食性瓢虫的联合影响。正如预期的那样，夜间变暖和光污染都没有改变这种在黑暗中有效觅食的瓢虫物种对蚜虫的抑制。然而，对于视觉更直观的捕食者来说，温暖和光照具有非加性效应，它们共同导致的蚜虫丰度要低得多。这些结果与城市附近地区的农业特别相关，这些地区既经历了城市热岛的光污染，也经历了气候变暖。由于气候变暖和光污染可能具有非相加效应，因此要在大的空间尺度上预测它们可能产生的综合后果，就需要知道它们是如何同时发生的。我们发现，1949年以来夜间温度变化与光污染呈正相关，这有可能使它们对美国紫花苜蓿豌豆蚜虫防治的非加性效应增加70%。我们的结果强调了多种环境因素对物种和食物网的非相加影响的重要性，特别是当这些因素共同出现时。
Interactions between multiple anthropogenic environmental changes can drive non-additive effects in ecological systems, and the non-additive effects can in turn be amplified or dampened by spatial covariation among environmental changes. We investigated the combined effects of night-time warming and light pollution on pea aphids and two predatory ladybeetle species. As expected, neither night-time warming nor light pollution changed the suppression of aphids by the ladybeetle species that forages effectively in darkness. However, for the more-visual predator, warming and light had non-additive effects in which together they caused much lower aphid abundances. These results are particularly relevant for agriculture near urban areas that experience both light pollution and warming from urban heat islands. Because warming and light pollution can have non-additive effects, predicting their possible combined consequences over broad spatial scales requires knowing how they co-occur. We found that night-time temperature change since 1949 covaried positively with light pollution, which has the potential to increase their non-additive effects on pea aphid control by 70% in US alfalfa. Our results highlight the importance of non-additive effects of multiple environmental factors on species and food webs, especially when these factors co-occur.