Conservation agriculture cropping system to limit blast disease in upland rainfed rice
Conservation agriculture cropping system to limit blast disease in upland rainfed rice
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DOI：
10.1111/ppa.12099
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Dusserre, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sester, M.;Raveloson, H.;Dusserre, J.
针对在马达加斯加高地山坡上广泛种植旱稻的情况，建议采用以保护性农业为基础的替代耕作制度，以阻止土壤肥力下降，并限制侵蚀。为了评估这些种植系统在限制稻瘟病方面的效率并测量其产量表现，2003年在Andranomanelatra（1640 m a.s.l.）在马达加斯加高地。水稻作物种植后，每隔一年燕麦（燕麦）后，普通大豆（菜豆），与传统耕作和免耕。对于每种种植制度，使用两种水平的施肥：（i）有机和（ii）有机+无机肥。在5年的时间内，对两个不同的品种进行了稻瘟病流行水平的测定。免耕种植系统的病害严重程度显著低于常规耕作系统。矿质施肥提高了稻瘟病的发生水平。耕作制度与施肥之间存在显著的交互作用，说明施肥对作物生长的影响因耕作制度而异。稻瘟病水平低时，常规种植产量较高，但稻瘟病水平一提高，免耕种植产量就提高。作物系统和稻瘟病流行之间可能的相互作用进行了解释，并讨论了高性能，但风险的种植系统的问题。
In response to the extensive development of upland rice on the hillsides of the Madagascan highlands, alternative cropping systems based on conservation agriculture have been recommended to halt declining soil fertility and to limit erosion. To assess the efficiency of these cropping systems in limiting rice blast disease and to measure their yield performance, an experiment was set up in 2003 at Andranomanelatra (1640m a.s.l.) in the Madagascan highlands. The rice crop was planted every second year following oat (Avena sativa) after common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), with both conventional tillage and no tillage. For each cropping system, two levels of fertilization were used: (i) organic and (ii) organic+mineral fertilization. The level of blast epidemic was measured on two different cultivars over a 5-year period. Disease severity was significantly lower in the no-tillage cropping system than in the conventional tillage system. Mineral fertilization increased the level of blast. A significant interaction between cropping system and fertilization indicated that the impact of fertilization differed with the cropping system. When the level of blast was low, yield was higher in the conventional cropping system but as soon as blast level increased, yield was better in the no-tillage cropping system. Possible interactions between cropping system and blast epidemics are explained and the problem of high performance but risky cropping systems is discussed.