The conceptual evolution and practice of community-based natural resource management in southern Africa: past, present and future
The conceptual evolution and practice of community-based natural resource management in southern Africa: past, present and future
复制标题
南部非洲社区自然资源管理的概念演变和实践：过去、现在和未来
DOI：
10.1017/s0376892910000512
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
G. Barnes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Child;G. Barnes
本文件审查了南部非洲以社区为基础的自然资源管理的概念和做法，特别侧重于津巴布韦、博茨瓦纳、纳米比亚，并在较小程度上侧重于赞比亚。它认识到，与民主一样，CBNRM既是一个不完善的进程，也是一个概念目标。对经济进程、产权和地方政治组织的治理是CBNRM的核心。第一个挑战是取代财政集中、收费和官僚主义（以及对替代土地使用的补贴），这些都是历史上低估野生资源的原因，因此CBNRM的比较经济优势反映在土地所有者和社区的激励措施中。第二，将财产权移交给社区，将资源管理、责任和利益适当地转移到地方一级。这就需要实行负责任、透明和公平的微观治理，而这又与有效的中间一级支助和监测以及中央政府和地方社区之间的跨规模联系在一起。本文概述了该地区CBNRM当前模式的演变，并提出了下一代CBNRM的核心战略。
SUMMARY This paper reviews the concept and practice of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) as it has evolved in southern Africa, with a particular focus on Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Zambia. It recognizes that, like democracy, CBNRM is both an imperfect process and a conceptual goal. The governance of economic processes, property rights and local political organization lie at the heart of CBNRM. The first challenge is to replace fiscal centralization, fees and bureaucracy (and the subsidization of alternative land uses) that have historically undervalued wild resources, so that CBNRM's comparative economic advantage is reflected in landholder and community incentives. Second, devolving property rights to communities shifts resource governance, responsibility and benefit appropriately to the local level. This necessitates accountable, transparent and equitable micro-governance, which in turn is linked to effective meso-level support and monitoring and cross-scale linkages between central government and local communities. This paper outlines the evolution of current models of CBNRM in the region and suggests core strategies for the next generation of CBNRM.