Connectivity differences between Gulf War Illness (GWI) phenotypes during a test of attention
Connectivity differences between Gulf War Illness (GWI) phenotypes during a test of attention
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0226481
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发表时间：
2019-12-31
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Baraniuk, James N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke, Tomas;Jamieson, Jessie D.;Baraniuk, James N.
从1990-1991年波斯湾战争返回的退伍军人中有四分之一患上了海湾战争病（GWI），伴有慢性疼痛、疲劳、认知和胃肠道功能障碍。睡眠不足会导致特征性的延迟发作的急性加重，睡眠不能缓解。我们通过比较次极量运动前后的磁共振图像来模拟劳力性衰竭。27名GWI参与者中有三分之一有脑干萎缩，并在运动后出现姿势性心动过速（START：应激试验激活可逆性心动过速）。其余的激活基底神经节和前岛在认知任务（STOPP：压力测试起源幻影感知）。在这里，在运动前进行的一个简单的0-back刺激匹配任务（“看到一个字母，按下一个按钮”）期间，通过种子区域相关性评估注意力在认知功能障碍中的作用。分析类似于静息状态，但不同于心理生理相互作用（PPI）。START组（n = 9）、STOPP组（n = 18）和对照组（n = 8）的任务网络和缺省网络中节点之间的相关模式存在显著差异。由3个组共享的边可以表示由0-back任务引起的共激活。对照组的任务网络由右背外侧和左腹外侧前额叶皮层、背侧前扣带皮层、后岛叶和额叶眼区组成（背侧注意网络）。START有一个大的任务模块，集中在背侧前扣带皮层上，直接连接到基底神经节、前岛和右背外侧前额叶皮层节点，并通过背侧注意网络（顶内沟和额叶眼区）节点连接到默认模块。STOPP有两个任务子模块：基底节、岛叶前部和背外侧前额叶执行控制区。背侧注意和后岛节点嵌入在默认模块中，远离任务网络。在注意力任务中，这三种独特的连接模式支持海湾战争病的概念，具有可识别的认知功能障碍的客观模式。
One quarter of veterans returning from the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War have developed Gulf War Illness (GWI) with chronic pain, fatigue, cognitive and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Exertion leads to characteristic, delayed onset exacerbations that are not relieved by sleep. We have modeled exertional exhaustion by comparing magnetic resonance images from before and after submaximal exercise. One third of the 27 GWI participants had brain stem atrophy and developed postural tachycardia after exercise (START: Stress Test Activated Reversible Tachycardia). The remainder activated basal ganglia and anterior insulae during a cognitive task (STOPP: Stress Test Originated Phantom Perception). Here, the role of attention in cognitive dysfunction was assessed by seed region correlations during a simple 0-back stimulus matching task ("see a letter, push a button") performed before exercise. Analysis was analogous to resting state, but different from psychophysiological interactions (PPI). The patterns of correlations between nodes in task and default networks were significantly different for START (n = 9), STOPP (n = 18) and control (n = 8) subjects. Edges shared by the 3 groups may represent co-activation caused by the 0-back task. Controls had a task network of right dorsolateral and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior insulae and frontal eye fields (dorsal attention network). START had a large task module centered on the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex with direct links to basal ganglia, anterior insulae, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex nodes, and through dorsal attention network (intraparietal sulci and frontal eye fields) nodes to a default module. STOPP had 2 task submodules of basal ganglia anterior insulae, and dorsolateral prefrontal executive control regions. Dorsal attention and posterior insulae nodes were embedded in the default module and were distant from the task networks. These three unique connectivity patterns during an attention task support the concept of Gulf War Disease with recognizable, objective patterns of cognitive dysfunction.