Reduction of the incidence of postharvest quality losses, and future prospects
Reduction of the incidence of postharvest quality losses, and future prospects
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DOI：
10.1007/s12571-011-0147-y
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Prusky, Dov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prusky, Dov
在收获和收获后的所有阶段，从收获、搬运、储存、加工和销售到最后交付给消费者，粮食的数量和质量损失都有极大的变化。最新公布的数值表明，工业化国家和发展中国家处理的粮食数量大致相同。在发达国家，损失发生在零售商和消费者阶段，而在发展中国家，损失发生在生产、收获、收获后和加工阶段，原因是基础设施差，技术水平低，对粮食生产系统的投资少。质量不能在收获后提高，只能保持;因此，重要的是要在适当的阶段和大小以及峰值质量收获水果，蔬菜和花卉。收获前的生产方法和因素，如耕作方法、供水、土壤类型、环境温度和机械损伤，可能严重影响收获后的质量，并导致产品在销售时被拒收或降级。此外，收获后，不适当的温度和湿度管理以及包装和处理可能对储存寿命和质量产生不利影响。因此，处理方法的一体化要求对每个国家的每种产品进行具体的差别组合处理。
Both quantitative and qualitative food losses of extremely variable magnitude occur during all harvest and postharvest stages, from harvesting, through handling, storage, processing and marketing, to final delivery to the consumer. The latest values published indicated that industrialized and developing countries dispose of roughly similar quantities of food. Whereas in developed countries the losses occur at the retailer and consumer stages, in the developing countries the losses occur during the production, harvest, postharvest and processing phases, because of poor infrastructure, low levels of technology, and low investment in food production systems. Quality cannot be improved after harvest, only maintained; therefore it is important to harvest fruits, vegetables and flowers at the proper stage and size and at peak quality. Preharvest production practices and factors such as cultivation practices, water supply, type of soil, environmental temperature and mechanical damage may seriously affect postharvest quality and result in the rejection or downgrading of produce at the point of sale. In addition, after harvest, improper temperature and humidity management as well as packaging and handling may have adverse effects on storage life and quality. Thus, integration of treatment methods calls for specific differential combinations of treatments for each product in each country.