Health effects from fallout
Health effects from fallout
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DOI：
10.1097/00004032-200205000-00017
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Simon, SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilbert, ES;Land, CE;Simon, SL
本文主要讨论由于地面核试验而受到的照射对健康的影响，重点是I-131照射引起的甲状腺疾病和低剂量率外照射和内照射引起的白血病和实体癌。总结了马绍尔群岛和内华达试验场的尘埃暴露的流行病学研究结果，并简要回顾了与尘埃暴露相似的人的研究(包括因医疗原因暴露于I-131的患者和低剂量和低剂量率的外部暴露工人)。此外，还讨论了对前苏联国家受辐射人口进行的有希望的新研究，其中包括居住在哈萨克斯坦塞米巴拉金斯克试验场附近的人、因切尔诺贝利事故而受影响的人以及因俄罗斯联邦马亚克核电站运营而受影响的人。对美国人口受到的放射性粉尘剂量的癌症风险进行了非常初步的估计。
This paper primarily discusses health effects that have resulted from exposures received as a result of above-ground nuclear tests, with emphasis on thyroid disease from exposure to I-131 and leukemia and solid cancers from low dose rate external and internal exposure. Results of epidemiological studies of fallout exposures in the Marshall Islands and from the Nevada Test Site are summarized, and studies of persons with exposures similar to those from fallout are briefly reviewed (including patients exposed to I-131 for medical reasons and workers exposed externally at low doses and low dose rates). Promising new studies of populations exposed in countries of the former Soviet Union are also discussed and include persons living near the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan, persons exposed as a result of the Chernobyl accident, and persons exposed as a result of operations of the Mayak Nuclear Plant in the Russian Federation. Very preliminary estimates of cancer risks from fallout doses received by the United States population are presented.