On the relevance of cocaine detection in a fingerprint
On the relevance of cocaine detection in a fingerprint
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-58856-0
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发表时间：
2020-02-06
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Bailey, M. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jang, M.;Costa, C.;Bailey, M. J.
药物和代谢物可以从指纹中检测出来，这一发现对法医学以及毒理学和临床测试具有潜在的相关性。然而，区分皮肤接触和摄入药物从未得到实验验证。无法解释在指纹中发现药物或代谢物的结果，这阻碍了指纹在药物检测中的广泛采用，并限制了在指纹中检测药物的证明价值。人们普遍认为，在指纹中检测滥用药物的代谢物可用于确认药物已被摄入。然而，我们在这里表明，可卡因和它的主要代谢产物，苯甲酰芽子碱，可以检测到指纹的非吸毒者接触可卡因后。此外，可卡因在接触后超过环境水平长达48小时。因此，在指纹中检测到可卡因和苯甲酰芽子碱（BZE）可能具有法医学意义，但并不能证明一个人摄入了这种物质。相比之下，这里的数据表明，来自指纹的药物测试（在捐赠样本之前可以洗手）可以区分接触和摄入可卡因。如果在提供指纹之前洗手，则仅在给予可卡因之后才检测到BZE。因此，BZE可用于区分可卡因接触和可卡因摄入，前提是捐赠者在采样前洗手。基于在两个捐献的指纹样本中至少一个中检测到BZE的测试具有95%的准确性、90%的灵敏度和100%的特异性（n=86）。
The finding that drugs and metabolites can be detected from fingerprints is of potential relevance to forensic science and as well as toxicology and clinical testing. However, discriminating between dermal contact and ingestion of drugs has never been verified experimentally. The inability to interpret the result of finding a drug or metabolite in a fingerprint has prevented widespread adoption of fingerprints in drug testing and limits the probative value of detecting drugs in fingermarks. A commonly held belief is that the detection of metabolites of drugs of abuse in fingerprints can be used to confirm a drug has been ingested. However, we show here that cocaine and its primary metabolite, benzoylecgonine, can be detected in fingerprints of non-drug users after contact with cocaine. Additionally, cocaine was found to persist above environmental levels for up to 48hours after contact. Therefore the detection of cocaine and benzoylecgonine (BZE) in fingermarks can be forensically significant, but do not demonstrate that a person has ingested the substance. In contrast, the data here shows that a drug test from a fingerprint (where hands can be washed prior to donating a sample) CAN distinguish between contact and ingestion of cocaine. If hands were washed prior to giving a fingerprint, BZE was detected only after the administration of cocaine. Therefore BZE can be used to distinguish cocaine contact from cocaine ingestion, provided donors wash their hands prior to sampling. A test based on the detection of BZE in at least one of two donated fingerprint samples has accuracy 95%, sensitivity 90% and specificity of 100% (n=86).