Locative expressions in signed languages: a view from Turkish Sign Language (TİD)
Locative expressions in signed languages: a view from Turkish Sign Language (TİD)
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手语中的方位表达：土耳其手语 (T?D) 的观点
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
P. Perniss
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作者：
A. Özyürek;I. Zwitserlood;P. Perniss
抽象方位表达对两个(或多个)实体之间的空间关系进行编码。本文主要研究手语中的方位表达，即使用视觉-空间情态进行语言表达，特别是在土耳其手语(Türkİşaret Dili，以下简称TİD)中。我们发现，TİD在语篇中使用了各种策略来编码背景实体(即较大的和/或背景实体)和图形实体(即处于关注焦点的较小实体)之间的关系。其中一些策略利用视觉通道的可承受性来进行模拟表征，并支持手语中特定通道对方位表达的影响的证据。然而，其他特定的情态策略，如图形和背景的同时表达，已经在许多其他手语中被报道，但在TİD中很少出现。此外，TİD在处所表达中使用范畴结构和类比结构。在这些发现的基础上，我们讨论了手语和口语的异同，以扩大我们对自然语言(即视觉-空间或口语-听觉模式)中用于编码位置关系的结构范围的理解。一个关于空间关系的一般语言学理论，特别是方位表达理论，必须考虑到这两种形式可能出现的所有结构，然后才能对人类语言能力进行概括。
Abstract Locative expressions encode the spatial relationship between two (or more) entities. In this paper, we focus on locative expressions in signed language, which use the visual-spatial modality for linguistic expression, specifically in Turkish Sign Language (Türk İşaret Dili, henceforth TİD). We show that TİD uses various strategies in discourse to encode the relation between a Ground entity (i.e., a bigger and/or backgrounded entity) and a Figure entity (i.e., a smaller entity, which is in the focus of attention). Some of these strategies exploit affordances of the visual modality for analogue representation and support evidence for modality-specific effects on locative expressions in sign languages. However, other modality-specific strategies, e.g., the simultaneous expression of Figure and Ground, which have been reported for many other sign languages, occurs only sparsely in TİD. Furthermore, TİD uses categorical as well as analogical structures in locative expressions. On the basis of these findings, we discuss differences and similarities between signed and spoken languages to broaden our understanding of the range of structures used in natural language (i.e., in both the visual-spatial or oral-aural modalities) to encode locative relations. A general linguistic theory of spatial relations, and specifically of locative expressions, must take all structures that might arise in both modalities into account before it can generalize over the human language faculty.