Retinal light damage: Practical and theoretical considerations
Retinal light damage: Practical and theoretical considerations
复制标题
视网膜光损伤：实践和理论考虑
DOI：
10.1016/1350-9462(94)90003-5
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
17.8
通讯作者：
B. S. Winkler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Organisciak;B. S. Winkler
（一）。T. OR（IANISCIAK）和BS（NKI），IR经受高水平的入射光，同时保持在富氧环境中。鉴于外视网膜中的高光子通量和氧张力以及视杆外段（ROS）膜中存在的高水平的多不饱和脂肪酸，视觉细胞损伤的可能性很大。然而，通常情况下，大多数视觉细胞存活到第七个十年或更长时间。这可能部分是由于ROS的不断更新，再加上盘位移和由杆的脱落顶端的RPE的吞噬作用，通常导致每9至10天完全的ROS膜更新。光感受器还具有在电生理学上适应宽范围的入射光并且在代谢上适应长期环境光条件的能力。最后，修复机制可能在防止视觉细胞死亡方面发挥重要作用。事实上，一个给定的感光细胞是否存活或成为不可逆的损害，由于光暴露可能取决于一个微妙的平衡之间的过程进化设计，以保护细胞和破坏性反应所产生的相互作用的光与visualpigment.This章将集中在视网膜光损伤的实践和理论方面。我们开始与一个简短的历史，其次是光损伤的一般特征，包括其光谱特性，时间-强度关系，环境和遗传的影响和光损伤的类别。由于与损害机制有关的结论往往是以衡量损害的方式为依据的，因此处理这一问题似乎是适当的。通过检查饮食对视网膜光损伤的影响以及可能保护或增强视觉细胞损失的药物干预，可以获得更多的见解。我们还讨论了Noell在他现在经典的视网膜光损伤描述中描述的假设（Noell等人，1966年）。它们是：（1）由光对色素的作用引发的光敏氧化;（2）光对细胞完整性所必需的代谢途径的不利影响;（3）由光的作用产生的有毒光产物，视网膜对其的保护很差。最后，经验的关系--
I). T. OR (IANISCIAK and BS W [NKI_I, IR subjected to high levels of incident light while being maintained in an oxygen rich environment. Given the high photon flux and oxygen tension in the outer retina and the high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids present in rod outer segment (ROS) membranes, the potential for visual cell injury is great. Yet, normally, most visual cells survive into the seventh decade and beyond. This may be due in part to the constant renewal of ROS which, coupled with disk displacement and phagocytosis by the RPE of the shed apical tips of the rods, normally results in complete ROS membrane turnover every nine to ten days. Photoreceptors also have the ability to adapt electrophysiologically to a wide range of incident light and metabolically to long term environmental light conditions. Finally, repair mechanisms may play a significant role in preventing visual cell death. Indeed, whether a given photoreceptor cell survives or becomes irreversibly damaged as a result of light exposure may depend on a delicate balance between processes evolutionarily designed to protect the cell and damaging reactions arising from the interaction of light with visual pigments.This chapter will focus on both practical and theoretical aspects of retinal light damage. We begin with a brief history followed by general features of light damage, including its spectral characteristics, time-intensity relationships, environmental and genetic influences and classes of light damage. Because conclusions relating to the mechanism (s) of damage are often based on the manner by which damage is measured, it seems appropriate to address this issue. Additional insights may be gained by examining dietary influences on retinal light damage as well as pharmacological interventions which may protect against, or enhance, the loss of visual cells. We also discuss the hypotheses described by Noell in his now classic description of retinal light damage (Noell et al., 1966). These are:(1) photosensitized oxidation (s) initiated by the action of light on a pigment;(2) an adverse effect of light on a metabolic pathway essential for cellular integrity;(3) a toxic photoproduct produced by the action of light against which the retina is poorly protected. Finally, the relationship of experi-
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肾上腺切除术和乙醚/手术应激对光诱导的光感受器损伤的拮抗作用。
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
O'Steen,WK;Donnelly,JE
通讯作者：
Donnelly,JE
光诱导感光细胞损伤的诱发因素：成熟大鼠的视网膜变化。
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Rapp,LM;Tolman,BL;Koutz,CA;Thum,LA
通讯作者：
Thum,LA
正常和 RCS 大鼠成熟和发育视网膜中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的免疫组织化学定位。
影响因子：
2
作者：
Connolly,SE;Hjelmeland,LM;LaVail,MM
通讯作者：
LaVail,MM
反对黑色素作为短波长光视网膜光毒性介质的证据。
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Rapp,LM;Smith,SC
通讯作者：
Smith,SC
二甲基硫脲改善白化大鼠视网膜光损伤。
DOI：
10.1001/archopht.1990.01070140105039
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lam,S;Tso,MO;Gurne,DH
通讯作者：
Gurne,DH