What has Globalization to do with Wildlife Use in the Remote Amazon? Exploring the Links between Macroeconomic Changes, Markets and Community Entitlements
What has Globalization to do with Wildlife Use in the Remote Amazon? Exploring the Links between Macroeconomic Changes, Markets and Community Entitlements
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DOI：
10.1177/0169796x0902400404
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Espinosa, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Espinosa, M.
本文探讨了贫困、市场和权利在多大程度上对更密集地利用野生动物起到了激励或威慑作用。考虑到1990年新自由主义的“富士冲击”，取消了秘鲁对小规模农业的补贴和支持，我使用的数据在洛雷托的两个社区，有不同的权利，自然资源和不同的进入市场和地貌的野生动物的使用。结果表明，享有更好权利和市场准入的社区更密集地使用野生动物和森林产品，这挑战了贫困与资源退化之间的简单联系，以及考虑市场准入的必要性。在农产品价格低且波动大以及生计脆弱的情况下，野生动植物和森林资源的开采变得更加密集，包括受保护的野生动植物物种。分析表明，新自由主义全球化在微观一级对环境产生了重大影响，需要在适应性生计和宏观经济变化的背景下对野生动物的利用加以界定。
This article explores to what extent poverty, markets and entitlements act as incentives or deterrents for more intensive use of wildlife. Taking into consideration neoliberal 'Fuji-shock' of 1990 that eliminated subsidies and support for small-scale agriculture in Peru, I use data on wildlife use in two communities in Loreto that have different entitlements to natural resources and different access to markets and landforms. Results show the community with better entitlements and access to markets makes more intensive use of wildlife and forest products, which challenges the easy association between poverty and resource degradation, and the need to consider access to markets. In a context of low and volatile prices for agriculture and vulnerable livelihoods, extraction of wildlife and forest resources has become more intensive and includes protected wildlife species. Analysis suggests the strong environmental implications of neoliberal globalization at the micro level and the need to frame wildlife use in the context of adaptive livelihoods and macroeconomic changes.